School Library Essay Example for Free

School Library Essay Library can be define as a collection of books and other literacy materials kept for reading, research, study and consultation. A library is a collection of information, sources, resources and services, organized for used and maintained by a public body, an institution or a private individuals. In the more traditional sense, the library means a collection of book. It supports the teaching, learning and research for the user who is comes to the library. The library has three types of library such as National Library, Academic Library, School Library, Special Library, Digital Library, Mobile Library and others. For each library have their function. The function of library such as to analyze, describe, preserve and make available for use it collection of material intended in subsection. The activities will involve in library such as purchase, give and exchange, donation and others. The activities that are produce in library will give the advantages for the user. Library also provides the several of collection such as encyclopedia, journal, book, magazine, and so on. The library are most important place that can be use to search the information. The library emphasizes instruction, reference services, on site and remote access to information in print and electronic formats, development of information literacy, and management of collections. The library provides resources and support for the Universitys major functions such teaching, research, scholarship, creative activity, and community service. 2. 0 MISSION The Library supports the academic programs through instruction, collections, technology and services which enable students and faculty to access recorded knowledge and information resources. This support empowers our constituencies to develop the information and technological competencies necessary to achieve their educational, research and professional goals; succeed in the workforce; apply lifelong learning skills and participate in a diverse society. 3. 0 VISSION To achieve a world class library status, catalyst to scholarship and excellence to the University’s teaching, learning and research attainable through physical and virtual means. 4. 0OBJECTIVE * 100% support the learning, teaching, researching and knowledge development programs. * Making the library well establish in services aspect, different of collection, latest technology and updated information. * To generate the workers to be skillful, responsible, commitment, motivated, ethics, proactive, brilliant, and well educated. * Building appropriate and comprehensive collection that are properly housed, controlled and effectively used. * Make library as a excellent information centre from services aspect, collection diversity, latest technology and information source and steady. * Create trained work force, having various skill, ethical high, proactive and team spirit through training, education continuously and increase in career. * Provide space for customer convenience, staff, and material and equipment placement. 5. 0FUNCTION * To build up as complete a collection of material emanating from or relating to country as appropriate. * To analyze, describe, preserve and make available for use its collection of the material intended in subsection. * To render bibliographic services and serve as the national bibliographic agency. * To serve as the national centre for the conservation and appreciation of its collection of the material intended in subsection. 6. 0ACTIVITIES * Purchase * Donation * Give and exchange 6. 1Purchase Purchasing refers to a business or organization attempting to acquire goods or services to accomplish the goals of the enterprise. Though there are several organizations that attempt to set standards in the purchasing process, processes can vary greatly between organizations. A grip applied manually or mechanically to move something or prevent it from slipping. The library facilitates the acquisition of bibliographic materials for the official use of and retention of officers and staff of the MRB by purchase of information materials (book, journals and e-journals, articles, audio-visual materials, etc. ) for official purposes only. The library also facilitates interlibrary loan among local libraries for information materials not available in its collection. 6. 1. 1Book and Journal Purchase Send suggestions to the Chief Librarian, or submit â€Å"Requisition forms† which are available in the library. Please take note that book orders may take 3 – 4 months to fulfill (from time of order to processing). 6. 1. 2 Document Delivery (Article purchase) Document delivery and interlibrary borrowing services are available without charge to research officers. However, officers are requested to check the Library catalogue (OPAC) as to whether the information material required is already available (in the MRB Library) before sending in requests. Requests may be sent by email or the normal requisition forms. 6. 2Give and exchange Give and exchange service is provided by the library to various institutions within the country and abroad. At the moment exchange partners in the country have reached about 65 institutions including academic library, school library and government library. 6. 3 Donation Donations of funds are always welcome, and may range from a simple cash gift to various forms of planned or deferred giving such as endowments, annuities, and bequests. Donations of books, journals, and other materials broaden our collections, enable us to meet the demand for multiple copies of heavily used titles, and also help us replace lost or damaged copies. Your donation might include: * Books on any or all subjects * Manuscripts, letters, and diaries. * Music recordings and scores * Videos and films * Photographs * Maps * Subscriptions to electronic resources All donation offers receive serious consideration by the Library. Donations of material are accepted with the understanding that the University becomes the sole owner, and reserves the ultimate right to determine retention, location, level of cataloguing, access, and other considerations related to its use or disposition. 7. 0LEGISLATION Legislation means the act or process of making a law or laws. Legislation is important in the library to make sure the patrons follow the rules in the library. There is the legislation in the library such as: * Conduct prejudicial to the proper use of the library is forbidden. * Silence shall be observed in the public areas of the library. Hand phones and pagers should be switched to silent mode before entering the library. * Eating, drinking and smoking are strictly prohibited in the library. * Southern College identification cards are non-transferable. * Bags, briefcases, helmets, umbrellas etc. are not allowed in the library. It should be kept in the locker room. * Reservation of a seat is not permitted. * All users are required to be properly attired as specified by the college. The library reserves the right to ask users, who are not suitably dressed to leave library. * Final year students who fail to clear and fines or return materials borrowed from the library on completion of their courses will have their certificate suspended. * Staffs who have applied resigned will have their library privileges terminated, since 2 weeks before their last working day. If they fail to return materials borrowed from the library, their salary will be suspended. * The library bears no responsibility for any loss of personal belongings or properties on its premises. * All library materials must be kept clean. Making, defacing or multiplying library materials is an offence. * No littering in the library. * All users are encouraged to check their library record in Library Online regularly. * The library reserves the right to amend their rules from time to time. 8. 0COLLECTION The Library has a multilingual and multi-format collection that is related to the academic and research programs of AMDI. Materials in the collection are classified according to the Library of Congress Classification Scheme. Presently the collection is categorized as follows: 8. 1Open Shelf Collection. A large proportion of the books in the collection is on Medicine and its related fields. These books are classified according to the National Library of Medicine Classification System and books in other disciplines are classified according to LC. Books on the shelves are arranged according to the assigned Call Numbers. As of today, the collection consists of 7,000 copies and can be loan out by eligible patrons. 8. 2 Fiction Collection The Fiction Collection consists of light reading material and story books in BM and English. The books are arranged on special shelves according to the authors shorten name. The loan limit is 2 copies and duration is according to the loan privileges of the patron. 8. 3Reference Collection This collection consists of reference material such as bibliographies, directories, encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc. Materials in this collection are marked with a letter r in the call number. This collection is only for reference use within the library. 8. 4Brochures The collection consists of small books and brochures that are less than 50 pages. These materials are placed at the Loan Counter. Use of the material is limited within the library. 8. 5Serials. This collection consists of Current Journals, Bound Journals, Serials Monograph, Annual Reports and all other serials publications and magazines in electronic format (CDROM and online). The use of such materials is limited within the library except for Serials Monograph which can be loan out. Patrons are allowed to photocopy articles that are in this collection. However, photocopying of materials is subject to the Copyright Act 1987. a) Current Journal Collection Current Journal Collection consists of current subscribed publications that are arranged according to journal title. Current issues are displayed at the shelves and back issues are arranged and placed on top of the shelves. b)Bound Journals Back issues of journals with complete issues are bound and arranged on a separate shelf. The arrangement is in alphabetical order according to the journal title. As of today the Library has 1,520 journal titles (27,000 copies) comprising subscribed journals, serials monograph, annual reports and others. c) Electronic Journal Collection Some journal titles are in CD-ROM or via online. The collection consists of 1,200 full text titles. The materials in this collection can only be access within the Library. Printing or transferring of information to diskette is allowed. A minimum charge will imposed for this purpose. Certain titles can be access online. For further information, please contact the Document and Serials Publication Unit at extension 3469 or 3471. 8. 6 Control Access Collection The Controlled Access Collection is made up of materials that are heavily used. Theses, research reports, training collections, pictorial collections, examination questions, official publications and small size publications are placed in this collection. This collection can only be used within the Library. All materials are searchable through the online catalog by author, title or subject heading. 9. 0TYPES OF LIBRARY There are six types of library * National library * Academic library * Special library * School library * Digital library * Mobile Library 9. 1National Library A national library is a library specifically established by the government of a country to serve as the preeminent repository of information for that country. Unlike public libraries, these rarely allow citizens to borrow books. Often, they include numerous rare, valuable, or significant works. National libraries are usually notable for their size, compared to that of other libraries in the same country. Some states which are not independent, but who wish to preserve their particular culture, have established a national library with all the attributes of such institutions, such as legal deposit. Many national libraries cooperate within the National Libraries Section of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) to discuss their common tasks, define and promote common standards and carry out projects helping them to fulfil their duties. National libraries of Europe participate in The European Library. This is a service of The Conference of European National Librarians (CENL). 9. 2Academic Library An academic library is a library which serves an institution of higher learning, such as a college or university libraries in secondary and primary schools are called school libraries. These libraries serve two complementary purposes: to support the schools curriculum, and to support the research of the university faculty and students. The support of teaching requires material for class readings, and for student papers. In the past, the material for class readings, intended to supplement lectures as prescribed by the instructor, has been called reserves. In the period before electronic resources became available, the reserves were supplied as actual books or as photocopies of appropriate journal articles. Traditionally, one copy of a book was made available for each 10 students — this is practical for large classes only if paperback copies are available, and the books reused from term to term. Academic libraries must decide what focus they take in collecting materials since no single library can supply everything. When there are particular areas of specialization in academic libraries these are often referred to as niche collections. These collections are often the basis of a special collection department and may include original papers, artwork, and artifacts written or created by a single author or about a specific subject. 9. 3Special Library A special library is a term for a library that is neither an academic nor school library, nor a public library. Special libraries may include law libraries, news libraries, government libraries, corporate libraries, museum libraries, and medical libraries. Special libraries are also sometimes known as information centers. Special libraries often have a more specific clientele than libraries in traditional educational or public settings, and deal with only a specialized or particular type of information. They are developed to support the mission of their sponsoring organization and their collections and services are more targeted and specific to the needs of their clientele. 9. 4School Library A school library or school libraries media center is library within a school where students, staff, and often, parents of a public or school have access to a variety of resources. The goal of the school library media center is to ensure that all members of the school community have equitable access to books and reading, to information, and to information technology. A school library media center a use all types of media is automated, and utilizes the Internet as well as books for information gathering. School libraries are distinct from public libraries because they serve as learner-oriented laboratories which support, extend, and individualize the schools curriculum. A school library serves as the center and coordinating agency for all material used in the school. 9. 5Digital Library A digital library is a library in which collections are stored in digital formats as opposed to print, microform, or other media and accessible by computers. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. A digital library is a type of information retrieval system. 9. 6Mobile Library A bookmobile or mobile library is a large vehicle designed for use as a library. They are designed to hold books on shelves so that when the vehicle is parked the books can be accessed by readers. They usually have sufficient space that people can also sit and read books inside them. Mobile libraries are often used to provide library services to villages and city suburbs without library buildings. They also service those who have difficulty accessing libraries, with retirement homes being common stops. They may also carry other information or computer equipment, such as might be found in a library. Some libraries also use their bookmobiles to deliver materials, such as audio books and large print novels, to homebound patrons who dont have anyone to go to the library for them. 10. 0PROFESSION * Chief Librarian * Library Director * Senior Librarian * Librarian * Cataloger * Indexer 10. 1Chief Librarian The Chief Librarian shall, on appointment, provide the staff member with a written position description which sets out the general responsibilities of the position held by the staff member. The Supervisor shall assign the specific duties of the staff member, bearing in mind the position description. The supervisor shall also determine, at least annually, performance expectations which shall be appended to the position description. The Chief Librarian may revise the staff members position description following consultation with the incumbent and, if requested by the incumbent, with the Association. The revision shall take into account the qualifications and experience of the incumbent. The Chief Librarian may transfer a staff member to a different position in the University Library and, if so, shall provide the staff member with the position description for the new position. Prior to such transfer, the Chief Librarian shall consult with the incumbent and, if requested by the incumbent, with the Association. 10. 2Library Director Plan and manage all aspects of library operations: budget, personnel, services, program planning, development and assessment, facilities and equipment. Implement university vision through long-range planning. Plan and implement new and enhanced user-services, including information literacy and remote access for populations at off-campus instructional locations. Create library policies in collaboration with library faculty members. Coordinate collection development and management of library collections Collaborate with Office of Information Technology on integration of emerging technologies and provision of electronic resources to the university community. Lead in an open and collaborative manner. Integrate the core values of respect, compassion, integrity, justice and service in all aspects of interaction. 10. 3Senior Librarian Under direction, to supervise and perform a full range of professional services in a major functional area within the library, and to do related work as required. Supervises children’s section of the library; selects books and other media for children and young adults; plans and presents programs, story hours, puppet shows and book talks; teaches children the use of library tools; advises parents on use of library facilities; establishes communication with teachers; reads book reviews and compiles bibliographies; gathers statistics and prepares report; reads relevant literature and reviews; supervises pages; attends and participates in professional meetings. Supervises cataloging of books and other library materials; does original cataloging as required; supervises book process; plans, supervises and reviews the work of cataloging clerk, book processor, and mender; works with other professionals in maintenance of collection and completeness of catalog; compiles monthly and yearly statistical reports; occasionally works at the reference desk; attends and participates in professional meetings; reads relevant literature. 10. 4Librarian. A librarian is an information professional trained in library and information science, which is the organization and management of information services or materials for those with information needs. Typically, librarians work in a public or college library, an elementary or secondary school media center, a library within a business or company, or another information-provision agency like a hospital or law firm. Some librarians are independent entrepreneurs working as information specialists, catalogers, indexers and other professional, specialized capacities. Librarians may be categorized as a public, school, correctional, special, independent or academic librarian. 10. 5Cataloger The cataloger is responsible for original cataloging of monographs and other formats in Slavic and other European languages in all subjects. The Library is a member of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging, and descriptive cataloging is performed in accordance with national standards. Subject analysis and classification assignment follow Library of Congress standards and local practice. Authority records follow NACO standards and are contributed to the national authority file. The cataloger also investigates and participates in implementation of solutions for providing bibliographic control for all types of resources including electronic resources. In addition to cataloging traditional materials and in support of the Catalog Department’s endeavor to integrate bibliographical control for digital resources, the cataloger may participate in activities to implement non-MARC descriptive standards and contribute to the development of new metadata services for the Library’s growing collection of digital resources. The cataloger collaborates with other catalogers and Library staff to establish and maintain local policies and procedures for bibliographic and metadata services, projects, and other activities that affect the library’s integrated library system, search engines, and overall access to the collections. He/she keeps abreast of the current trends and best practices for bibliographic and metadata services in the field. The cataloger also serves on library committees, participates in library-wide programs and activities, and is expected to be active professionally. 10. 6Indexer Search engine indexing collects, parses, and stores data to facilitate fast and accurate information retrieval. Index design incorporates interdisciplinary concepts from linguistics, cognitive psychology, mathematics, informatics, physics and computer science. An alternate name for the process in the context of search engines designed to find web pages on the Internet is Web indexing. Popular engines focus on the full-text indexing of online, natural language documents. Media types such as video and audio and graphics are also searchable. Meta search engines reuse the indices of other services and do not store a local index, whereas cache-based search engines permanently store the index along with the corpus. Unlike full-text indices, partial-text services restrict the depth indexed to reduce index size. Larger services typically perform indexing at a predetermined time interval due to the required time and processing costs, while agent based search engines index in real time. 11. 0CONCLUSION.

Definition Of A Product Life Cycle Marketing Essay

Definition Of A Product Life Cycle Marketing Essay A product is anything which is capable of satisfying customers needs. Product includes both physical or tangible products (mobile,car, type writer, computer, bike) and intangible products or services (health care, banking, insurance). Definition of a Product Life Cycle define what a product life cycle is: It is the period of time over which an item is developed, brought to market and eventually removed from the market. OR The stages through which a product develops over time is called Product Life Cycle (PLC). OR The product life cycle is MARKETING CONCEPT that describes the way the revenues from the sale of a product behave over time. Stages of a Product Life Cycle The product life cycle is broken down into four phases: Introduction Growth Maturity Decline The Product Life Cycle (PLC) Curve plc, product life cycle curve For all products, the life cycle is drawn is the form of a mount shaped curve. The starting of the curve marks the introduction stage; the slope indicates growth stage; top of the curve signifies maturity; and the graph ends in the decline stage. Theory of PLC: Biological Life Cycle Versus Product Life Cycle The concept of Product Life Cycle is based on biological life cycle. For instance, when a seed is planted (introduction); it begins to pullulate (growth); it shoot out flowers and leaves (maturity); and after a defined period of time, it starts to shrink and eventually die out (decline). Human beings also pass through the same phases of introduction, growth, maturity and decline in their lives. The same theory applies to a product. When a new product is launched in the market, it starts gaining customers; then it stabilizes and becomes mature; then after some time, it is taken over by the introduction of better and superior competitors therefore, it is withdrawn or harvested from the market. Benefits of Using a Product Life Cycle for Revenue MARKETING managers consider product life cycle as an important measure of sales revenues. As you can see it from the figure, the slope of the curve denotes the sales of a particular product. The more the slope then more the sales. When a product is introduced in the market, the sales are negligible. Due to marketing promotion efforts, the demand of product starts to rise and as a result some revenue is generated. When more and more customers begin to buy the product, the revenues of the product reaches to maximum; this stage is called maturity. A product can stay in maturity for several weeks, months or years depending on the external and internal market conditions and resources. Finally, when a product better in features and functions is launched by a competitor into the market, the sales starts to decline; in some cases, companies have to disengage their products or services. Product Life Cycle Management (Marketing)/ PLCM Product life cycle management (or PLCM) is the succession of strategies used by business management as a product goes through its developmental life cycle. The conditions involving the promotion and sales of a product, involving market saturation and advertising vary over time and must be managed as it moves through the different stages of succession. What is Marketing Mix? A marketing mix is a pre-planned assortment of all those controllable elements which are involved in the planning of a products marketing. they include the following 4Ps Product (often substituted by Presentation) Price Place Promotion These four elements are adjusted until the correct combination is reached befitting the requirements of a products customers, while generating optimum income. How to Create a Product Life Cycle First Stage Introducing the Product : Brand Building For the product life cycle to begin, the product must be launched in the market. This is done after target market is identified and ensured that the need for your product or service exists. At this stage, sales will be very low because customers are not really aware about the product and its benefits. Generating Demand: Promotion, Advertising, Marketing The cost of advertising and initial distribution is very high as companies intend to create awareness of the product and target early adopters. The goal is to build market and generate demand. Stage 1 Marketing Mix Implications You need to have a fair idea of marketing mix implications for each stage. Product Products are very less in number Price Some companies keep the price to high so as to cover their costs whereas others tend to keep it low so as to attract more and more early adopters. Distribution Initially, the distribution is done selectively Promotion Creation of awareness is the only goal of the promotion Growth Watch how the product is establishing market and making profit in comparison to the competitors. Maintain the focus on the promotion efforts. Notice how slowly or rapidly the product is gaining customers and generating profits. More and more retailers will be interested in carrying your product. Remember the goal of growth phase is to increase sales and gain customer preference. Second Stage Stage 2 Marketing Mix Implications Product Improvement of the product quality. Price If the demand of the product is high, price is maintained at high level whereas; if you want to target additional customer segments, reduce the price. Distribution To intensify distribution, discounts are offered to the retailers. Promotion Improved the promotional efforts. Maturity You will observe that your product has met market saturation. Eventually, there will be a marked increase in sales and it will become a challenge for the marketing and sales team to maintain the market share as new competitors would be penetrating into the market. Increase promotional efforts and offer more discount to the retailers in order that they give your more shelf space than competitors. The goal of maturity stage is to extend product life cycle while maintaining market share. Third Stage Stage 3 Marketing Mix Implications Product Product is differentiated from those of competitors Price Maximum possible reduction in prices to be made Distribution Retain existing distributors by offering discounts as well as searching for more channels of distribution Promotion Intensive promotion efforts in order to establish brand loyality Decline Carry out amarketing analysis or a survey to find out how customers perceive the product currently. If the interest and demand is low, think of ways to take the product back to profit making position. Possible ways could be the creation of new target segment and making modifications in the product. The goal of decline stage is either to maintain the product or discontinue it. Fourth Stage Stage 4 Marketing Mix Implications Product Fewer products left in the product line. Price If the product is to be maintained, the prices are retained. In case of termination, prices are reduced to liquidate inventory. Distribution Channels are phased out gradually. Promotion Advertising expenditure reaches a minimum level Examples of Product Life Cycle (PLC) Set out below are some suggested examples of products that are currently at different stages of the product life-cycle: INTRODUCTION GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE Third generation mobile phones Portable DVD Players Personal Computers Typewriters E-conferencing Email Faxes Handwritten letters All-in-one racing skin-suits Breathable synthetic fabrics Cotton t-shirts Shell Suits iris-based personal identity cards Smart cards Credit cards Cheque books Popular Cases of Product Life Cycles Pepsi Product Life Cycle Development Coca Cola Product Life Cycle Development Kellogs Product Life Cycle Development Apple Product Life Cycle Development Nokia Product Life Cycle Development

Dinoflagellates And Bioluminescence Emission

Dinoflagellates And Bioluminescence Emission Bioluminescence is the emission of light from living organisms, without giving out appreciable or no heat. It is basically a 100% efficient system. Virtually all of the energy generated is converted into light with almost none lost in heat or sound production. It is literally a cold fire. The light results from a chemical reaction mediated by enzymes and involving specialized molecules in the organisms. Bioluminescence occurs in species too numerous to list but the most recognizable ones include dinoflagellates, some jellyfish and fireflies. Dinoflagellates and fireflies are by far the most common sources of bioluminescence in the ocean and on land respectively. Some deep sea fish are equipped with organs that produce luminescence to which prey is attracted. The flashes emitted by male and female fireflies are used as species specific signals for mating. The use of bioluminescence in an organism can be to evade predators, attacking its enemies, camouflage, food, attracting their mate s or sometimes due to organisms inside an organism. Dinoflagellates are unicellular aquatic organisms which come under the order Dinoflagellida and the class Phytomastigophorea with two uneven flagella for locomotion. Several thousand species of dinoflagellates are known to mankind. Most contain chlorophyll and are photosynthetic. Among these there are the diatoms, which are the primary producers of energy in the ocean food chain. Like many complex one celled organisms, dinoflagellates show traits of both animals and plants and are claimed by zoologists as protozoans and by botanists as algae. They are mostly marine creatures and in warm shallow waters they sometimes reproduce in enormous numbers resulting in a bloom. Many species of dinoflagellates are bioluminescent. Both heterotrophic and autotrophic dinoflagellates are known. Some can be both. They form a significant part of primary planktonic production in both oceans and lakes. Most dinoflagellates go through moderately complex life cycles involving several steps, sexual and ase xual, motile and non-motile. Some species form cysts composed of sporopollenin, and preserve as fossils. Dinoflagellates display considerable morphological variations and many share a common anatomical pattern during at least one stage of their life cycle. Most of them have two flagella inserted into their cell wall via the flagellar pores at approximately the same location. In many one of the flagella wraps around the cell and is known as the transverse flagellum, while the other longitudinal flagellum extends tangentially to the cell, perpendicular to the plane of the transverse flagellum. The beating of the longitudinal flagellum and the transverse flagellum imparts a forward and spiraling swimming motion, and defines the anterior and the posterior. The flagellar pore and point of flagellar insertion defines the ventral with the opposite side dorsal. Left and right sides of the cell are then defined as in most organisms. Basic anatomy of a thecate, dinokont dinoflagellate A depression occurs on the ventral surface at the point of flagellar insertion, and is known as the sulcus. The transverse flagellum occurs in a furrow known as the cingulum which encircles the cell except where it is interrupted by the sulcus on the ventral surface. The cell wall of dinoflagellates is subdivided into multiple polygonal amphiesmal vesicles of varying numbers from half a dozen to hundreds. In some dinoflagellates, these vesicles are filled with relatively thick cellulose plates with bounding sutures. When this occurs, the cell wall is referred to as a theca. Dinoflagellates possessing a theca are often referred to as armored dinoflagellates, while the ones which lack are referred to as naked dinoflagellates. Redrawn from Fensome et al. 1996 Schematic life cycle history of dinoflagellates Coming to the life cycle of dinoflagellates which is multi-staged and about 6 stages can be clearly identified in peridiniales dinoflagellates. The six stages are: When rapid growth and a population expansion is observed vegetative propagation dominates and takes over. Now the schizonts act as gametes and pair up to form zygotes. Due to this process one or more theca may be lost. A new theca is formed from the new diploid zygote. The activity level of the cell decreases, and with time the flagella is lost. This zygote is termed as a hypnozygote. When the theca is separated and broken and decayed the cyst is formed and completed. The cyst now settles down in the bottom on the sea. After the period of dormancy the theca is grown again and it becomes motile. For an organism to give off light, at least two chemicals are required in the presence of oxygen and the energy molecule ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate). The one which produces the light is generically called a luciferin and the one that drives or catalyzes the reaction is called a luciferase. Luciferase is the enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of luciferin which is the basic substrate in bioluminescent reactions. The basic reaction follows the sequence illustrated above: The luciferase catalyzes the oxidation of luciferin. Resulting in light and an inactive oxyluciferin. In most cases, fresh luciferin must be brought into the system, either through the diet or by internal synthesis. Sometimes the luciferin and luciferase are bound together in a single unit called a photo protein. This molecule can be triggered to produce light when a particular type of ion is added to the system (say calcium as it happens in the jellyfish, Aequorea victoria). Dinoflagellate luciferin is thought to be derived from chlorophyll, and has a very similar structure. In the genus Gonyaulax, at pH 8 the molecule is protected from the luciferase by a luciferin-binding protein, but when the pH lowers to around 6, the free luciferin reacts and light is produced. The structure of the luciferin in a dinoflagellate The ability to produce luminescence is strictly dependent upon the day or night cycle. In a twelve hour light or twelve hour dark cycle, dinoflagellates will only flash brightly during the dark phase. Light emitted is brightest after several hours of darkness. Early in the morning, glowing activity is reduced and they no longer give off light upon shaking or disturbing them. During the day, the dinoflagellates appear as ellipse shaped cells, pigmented red, indicating the presence of chlorophyll which enables photosynthesis to occur so they may harvest light from the sun. The luminescence is transient and the cells soon return to their resting state. Most cells flash for less than a second, however others appear toglow for 1-6 seconds. Upon repeated stimulation, light emission is much reduced. Within about half an hour of rest, the luminescence becomes brighter again. 12 hour light cycle Bioluminescence is used to evade predators which act as a type of burglar alarm for defense mechanism in dinoflagellates. They produce light when the deformation of the cell by minute forces triggers its luminescence. When the cell is disturbed by a predator, it will give a light flash lasting 0.1 to 0.5 seconds. The flash is meant to attract a secondary predator that will be more likely to attack the predator that is trying to consume the dinoflagellate. The light flash also makes the predator jump and worry about other predators attacking it, making the predator less likely to prey on the dinoflagellate.2 In most dinoflagellates, bioluminescence is controlled by an internal biological rhythm. They are on a circadian rhythm. Towards the end of daylight, luminous chemicals are packaged in vesicles called scintillons. The scintillons then migrate to the cytoplasm from the area around the nucleus. It is not currently known how the scintillons are moved to the cytoplasm. During the night light is triggered by mechanical stimulation. When action potential generates in the vacuole, the action potential propagates throughout the rest of the cell. This allows protons to pass from the vacuole to the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm becomes acidified, normally by hydrogen ions and the process is activated in the scintillons. Dinoflagellates have distinct chromosomes through the whole cell cycle although their condensation patterns vary during interphase, with a maximum unwinding corresponding with the peak of replication in S phase. They are attached to the nuclear envelope and have a unique organization. Free-living dinoflagellates have high chromosome numbers per haploid genome while parasitic dinoflagellates have only a few chromosomes. Chromosomal ultra structure varies during interphase, and lacks the typical banding pattern of mitotic eukaryotic chromosomes, reflecting the genome compartmentalization. Dinochromosomes show a banded and arched organization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and freeze-etching that corresponds to a cholesteric organization of their DNA with a constant left-handed twist. Whole-mount chromosomes have a left-handed screw-like configuration with differentiated roughly spherical ends. Dinomitosis occurs without nuclear envelope breakdown and nucleolar disassembly an d with an extra nuclear mitotic spindle without direct contact with the chromosomes. Dinoflagellates are true eukaryotes that experienced a secondary loss of histones during evolution, constituting the only living eukaryotic knockouts of histones. The ancestral group of the alveolates, that includes the dinoflagellates, had eukaryotic histones as observed in ciliates and apicomplexans suggesting that dinoflagellates may have experienced a secondary loss of histones, and a set of primitive bacterial HLP may have been reintroduced from a prokaryotic source by gene transfer. Dinoflagellates have significant genomic differences compared with higher eukaryotes at all levels, from base composition and methylation, to the structural organization of their DNA and chromosomal domains, that nevertheless led to a similar organization and functioning of nuclear domains. The exact way they use to regulate gene silencing and activation without histones is still unknown, although the high proportion of base methylation could be involved. The very mention of red tides brings to mind the fear of dead fish and toxic seafood. Red tide is a naturally occurring, higher than normal concentration of the microscopic algae. The massive multiplication of these tiny, single-celled algae is usually found in warm saltwater and is commonly referred to as a bloom. Even though they are important producers and a key component to the food chain, dinoflagellates are also known for producing deadly toxins, especially when they are present in large numbers. They can not only kill a large range of marine species, but can also impart fatal toxins into several species, especially shellfish. Usually deadly to finfish, shellfish are relatively unaffected. These shellfish may then be eaten by humans, who are then affected by the stored toxins.

Feminine Psyche in The Odyssey Essay -- The Odyssey Feminine Psyche Es

Feminine Psyche in The Odyssey The Odyssey has much to teach us about the feminine psyche. The feminine psyche is the way that the female mind and soul react to and process situations. Females are generally faithful, giving, and respectful to their mates. We have an insight into the feminine psyche in several things that Penelope does. The weaving and unweaving of the shroud and the test of the bed are two examples of the way Penelope thinks. She does what is thought to be her duty to her husband to resist the suitors and remain faithful and loyal to her husband. Homer reveals the feminine psyche in Penelope, a loving and faithful wife to Odysseus. She was loyal to Odysseus the entire time he was away on his journey, and even when it appeared that he would not return she still had faith that he would. Penelope resisted the advances of the suitors because she loved Odysseus and could not see herself with another when he could still be alive. She was smart and cunning when it came to resisting the suitors. Penelope shows us an insight to the feminine psyche when we learn she has avoided having to choose a new husband by telling the suitors she would choose a one of them once she finished the shroud she was weaving for Odysseus’ father. Penelope worked all day on the shroud and would unravel the weaving by candlelight at night while the suitors slept. This shows her dedication to Odysseus and that she does not want to tell the suitors no and be disrespectful to her ...

The Lord of the Rings Essay -- essays research papers

The One Ring to rule them all   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thought-paper on J. R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings By Francis Byron P. Abao 97-06526 English 146 Inst. Emil Flores Department of English and Comparative Literature University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City. Submitted on October 14, 2002. The One Ring to rule them all   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Lord of the Rings is a three part epic fantasy by J.R.R. Tolkien about the struggle to destroy the One Ring of Power. Published in 1954, the work remains as relevant today as ever, when the question of power and its consequences is concerned. In fact, the work reached the height of its influence in the antiwar protests of the 1960s, where it was a main source of inspiration for activists. Part of the reason for its enduring appeal may be that it resists any one to one correspondence of symbolism and meaning. And so, people are drawn into endless debate and speculation as to what Tolkien ‘really’ meant by his story. If Tolkien had cast his work into a form that was more easily interpreted, if he had been more dogmatic and called it ‘The Use and Misuse of Power,’ for example, he would perhaps have been less effective and influential. This is because dogmas easily attract fanatics and people who want ready made answers, but disenchant th ose who are inclined to a more liberal, questioning approach toward life. Tolkien’s work, fortunately, was not designed to be anything as overtly political as Marx’s ‘Communist Manifesto.’ It is a work of fantasy-literature, a combination which makes it hard for conservatives of the literary or political sphere to consider it seriously as purely a work of literature or political dogma. Nonetheless, it undoubtedly has something to say about the connection between politics, morality, and it says this in an imaginative medium: fantasy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite the fact that we may never know what Tolkien meant, we can always ask(and answer, to an extent) what Tolkien means for me---as a reader, as an individual. If the work endures to this day, it must be because it concerns questions that many people have found to be relevant and enduring.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One such question for me is the question of the use of power and it... ...or as long and as well as we can, to preserve and care for our place in the world and our relationships to others in it. And even if we fail, we do not if our attempt has been in vain, or, if it is part of some greater plan of some Higher Power who has our best interests at heart. The attempt itself is heroic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But I think that Tolkien defined the best of what it means to be human in his work: that is, when faced with a crisis which seems beyond our means of coping, we choose hope over despair; trust over doubt; and faith over cynicism. â€Å"I don’t suppose we shall see them again, do you Sam? Frodo asks at the breaking of the Fellowship. â€Å"Yet we may, Mr. Frodo. We may.†Sam replies. (Tolkien 526). References: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tolkien, J(ohn) R(onald) R(euel). The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. U.S.: Ballantine Books, 1965. 87,93,526. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Asimov, Isaac. â€Å"The Ring of Evil† The QPB Companion to the Lord of the Rings New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001. 94. 3. Day, David. Tolkien’s Ring.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   London: Harper Collins Publishers, 1994. 51.

Religious Leaders Essay

My fellow men, women and children, young, old and inbetween I have many thanks to give all of you. You have brought me here today in hopes of a better future for not only our country but for all the countries and without regard to color or race, the common good is what this country needs. We need to come together, help each other to become one in a synergistic form so that we all can survive not only economically but spiritually. You have recognized this. In doing this then the lives of all of us will become filled with more peace, patience and understanding thus providing for a less war torn country whether by actual war or by economical means and in this, the ripple effect will also allow an economical balance more so than all of us fighting against everything that we do each day. We need to start with the promotion of the right subjects and this would be the health and welfare of all of us. These two topics will always hold a common good for everyone. Based upon this knowledge there are three basic principles in which we must address and implement. Respect, social welfare and peace and security. (Principle of the Common Good- 2007 Ascension Health). Fundamentally as humans we all have rights to education, employment, health care, clothes, food and shelter and the only way to achieve this is to have a very clear set of goals as basic humans. Basic humans who know to live for basic principles and follow the differences of what is right and wrong have a good head start for helping to change the face of our country. We have empathy for those who suffer and help those who are in those positions. We are not greedy nor live in a corporate financial world but one of a spiritual world, doing what we know to be right and true, even if it isn’t necessarily by a bible. We love without knowing who they are, we give because the giving is needed for all of us. We hope and pray for the lives of others, in the end we will come together and be able to form, as a unity, a much better country in which to live. It is in this thought that we all must have and practice certain virtues and in the words of Josef Pieper those virtues are temperance, prudence, justice and fortitude. We must have the fortitude to not be afraid of our own true selves and to come forth and do what is necessary and right. We are in uncertain times and these time will only become more uncertain with or without changing the face of how we live and what we do. We must have the fortitude to bring back our country and certain factios that have been all but destroyed or deleted from our constitution. While we are struggling to have this fortitude we must also maintain a restraint against one another, a self control of angers and behaviors, a moderation of the dislike we all experience and a with holding of the negative talk from our tounges. If we can moderate our self interests with the interests and rights of others then our judgment and actions will become more appropriate. It is at this time that I propose radical changes in which to do exactly this and with much prayer and a strong belief in these virtues it is time to be selfish as a country, as a whole and first bring back the true freedom of religion. All positive religion is based upon the commonality of good, the basic principle of truth, respect, loyalty and love. I stand before you today thanking my own higher power that this country has brought me in front of you today. That there has been the realization that we are lacking much as a country and that you have chosen me to help lead the way from the dark back into the light. I thank my higher power that this country has agreed to bringing back our higher powers that many will call religion. It is in our God’s as one that we are united and we could not be united here today without your help and the setting aside of fears of persecution. From this day forward our Gods will be back with us in our churches, on our money, in our flag and I pray in our souls and in a continual motion to to perpetuate the goodness where we once stood. This will be a rough road but the addage of good wins over evil is what we will show from here on out. In the interest and continuity of our new found freedoms and in light of our economic situation we must practice yet again another round of the fortitude that you all exhibited and go forth to heal our country in its many torn threads and it is in this that I plan on withdrawing some of our foreing aid which in turn will help to promote our own economic challenges by providing jobs and better financial means of our country. In the interest of what the other countries may lose in bringing back our foreign aid I will endow to help them also come up with a positive plan on how they can further themselves as well without our help. This is the giving side of me, of our country. It may be only a peace of paper or a few ideas but helping one another without destroying what we used to have is tantamount in our country and hopefully these actions will lead by example and instead of facing an armageddon of war among church and state, maybe we can face the opposite, the loving god and learn to accept others higher powers and respect these as well. In the meaning of education, all private institutions outside of colleges will no longer be tuition based that way we have more alternatives to education and those who wish to have their children brought up in a religion based setting will be able to do so. Essentially education will be free outside of what we would normally agree to pay through our taxes. Health care will become a more socialized moment. While we are not a socialized country some things need to be socialized and health care is one of these. Our medications will be free to those who qualify. Those who qualify will be those who are unable to work in any way. Those who are able to maintain employment, physically and mentally will have the option of paying for medications or performing duties of a helpful nature such as helping our less fortunate within private social clubs, helping our children with aspects they need; it comes down to a volunteer basis of helping one another. It may even be the doctor in which you are visiting tomorrow that needs an extra hand in planting seed for his yard. While this lacks an income of financial means in many ways it is also part of our duty to help. Much like a barter system which most of us practice in and have since we were children ourselves. It is a basic principle. At the end of each year we, the government will reimburse the healthcare system a portion of what they have put out. We, the government will impose strict guidelines of record keeping so that we may never have to come back to the people to ask for financial assistance. This is the difference of socialized medicine in Canada whereas there are taxes imposed upon each taxpayer. Instead of taxes being paid, it will be paid by our own choice of monies or volunteering. In the adherence to guideline employment will rise as this will create jobs of maintaining and monthly checks of billing procedures and barter trades. The people who are put into these positions do not have to be government related but regular laymens. The volunteer system will consist of a list of volunteer jobs available contingent upon how much is spent in the medical field for your ailments. This list can be added to by the attending physician. As for clothes, shelter and food, everyone is entitled. Those who are homeless for one reason or another will be introduced to new programs that will help them overcome barriers. The government, once again will provide many additional shelter homes and those who normally donate to thrift stores, their clothes or additional foods may continue to do so. In addtion to these it is respectfully requested that these donations also bedivied among all the Nation’s warehouse that will be implemented so that those less fortunate may also enjoy the basic living of food, clothes and shelter. We as a nation, you as the people who wanted this will reevaluate the entire bartering system and learn what self sufficiency is about and the goodwill that we learn will last a lifetime and pass on, I pray, from generation to generation. This will take the work of all of us together as a team. Whether we are Catholic, Protestant, Baptist, non denominational or Atheist; regardless of our beliefs, it is my hope that we can all step aside from ourselves to objectively see what the others have to offer before we judge. Whether we are religious or not, we all know that to judge is not in our best interest and serves no good justice. You as a country has asked for financial stability, free medicines, employment additional education, a lack of war and many other things and it is in this I thank you for demanding this knowing the work will be harder to get to where you want but the perseverance of the people to obtain what they desire. All men will be equal, all will have to work as hard as the next to care for each other. We will rise and come forth as a nation, holding our heads high because we have done what we have done for the better good for all of us. We will feel good knowing we helped the infirm to obtain their medicines, of teaching our children the hidden but inherent good of other people. Know that it was all of your decisions that have brought forth the ideas for change and it is all of our responsibility to implement these changes. During my time of asking you to choose myself as President I asked everyone to write in what they hoped to see, their ideas and thoughts of change and during this time I had my own panel of people analyze this information and we have, as best as we could, implemented every idea into the plan for change for the betterment of you. I thank you all for coming today. I thank you for your support and throughout these next few years I plan on becoming what is know more of as a friend than a Presidential figure. Friends work together hand in hand to help others and that is exactly what this country needs and this is exactly what I plan on doing. Once again, thank you and have a better day. Works Cited Josef Pieper. Religious Leaders. 17 September 2007. http://en. wikiquote. org/wiki/Josef_Pieper Klaus Rohrich. Dear America (Canada Warns U. S. About Socialized Medicine) 7/12/04. http://www. freerepublic. com/focus/f-news/1169903/posts Principle of the Common Good- 2007 Ascension Health http://www. ascensionhealth. org/ethics/public/key_principles/common_good. asp

The Yellow Wallpaper

In the story the Yellow Wall Paper, the narrator is making a statement which is saying that if you are locked up in a house or â€Å"prison† you are not being allowed to be put to your full potential with society. She is using the narrator's point of view to show how mental issues start to occur when you are confined to one place and have no actual view of the outside world. That statement also includes the effects of your mind when you can only think to yourself and imagine. The main character's mind starts to go insane when thinking too much into things. Throughout the story the main character looks into every little detail of the room and analyzes it. This is the effect of having too much time on her hands and not having anything better to do. The story is about a woman who's husband sent her away to this house to get mentally better and starts to see this wallpaper. She has very strict rules such as not being able to read or write so she starts looking at this wallpaper. While she's looking at this wallpaper she starts to interpret it in many different ways throughout the story. She's irked by the bright yellow outline that is has, which then turns into her seeing heads being hanged. As the story goes on her views of the room get even worse and it doesn't help that her husband John is treating her like a little girl. Her husband has a wrong view of what is going on in her head. She gets annoyed by the fact that she can't even talk to him about the situation she's in. The story goes on to her doing many irrational behaviors in the room and her anxiety gets worse and worse while getting fed up with everything little thing she notices in the room and about the wallpaper. She is also also a Mother that isn't aloud to be near her baby which adds to her anxiety. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows a first person point of view with the narrator about how she is feeling â€Å"So I take phosphate or phosphites- whichever it is , and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until I am well again. Personally, I disagree with their ideas. Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good†(p490). She is able to capture how the narrator is really feeling. The narrator is a housewife that doesn't have a real job. She wants more out of life; she really wants to be able to read and write so that she can put her thoughts to good use and vent. When her husband took her books away from her, she started to read the wallpaper because she likes to read and analyze and is very good at it by the way she describes the room and the wallpaper. She also didn't put up a fight when she was sent away. She develops a mental illness by being a housewife and not being able to go out. When she is put in this psychiatry room, she starts to get worse. She thinks she's getting better later on in the story because her husband tells her that she can have her life back if she gets better. The narrator is disgusted with the room she's in but tries to make the best of it. She really enjoys and desires human interaction. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows the narrator's loneliness â€Å"When I get really well, John says we will ask Cousin Henry and Julia down for a long visit; but he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillowcase as to let me have those stimulating people about now†(p. 491). This really shows how she's looking forward to seeing her family to be able to talk about her work. John is her husband who's making all the decisions and holding her back like a child. He doesn't show her much attention because he is always with other patients and often comes to visit her at night. At one point in the story he carried her from one room to another like a baby. That doesn't do her any good because she knows that she's a grown up person and is capable of doing more. By him treating her like a baby makes her feel like a baby, and then continues to more mental issues. John should've treated her like an adult so that she would act more like an adult. Charlotte made him into a controlling character â€Å"He is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction†(p490). This shows how he's controlling the way she does things yet still loves her. She needs more freedom which he doesn't want to give her. He thinks that by putting her in that room she will learn a lesson like a little child and teach herself how to get better. What she really needs is to be able to go out and enjoy what society has to offer her. The room she's in shows what it's like to be deprived by society; the room is like her own little society. She's trying to make the best of it by looking into every little detail of it from the bed to the wallpaper. She wasn't allowed to go out of her house or do anything because John wanted her to be a housewife which is why she started having all of these mental issues. She had to fulfill the duties that John wanted her to do which got boring to a certain point. She is a people's person. Every time that the nurses would come in she always talked to them as if she really knew them. Charlotte Perkins Gilman captures the narrator's thoughts â€Å"I don't like our room a bit. I wanted one downstairs that opened on the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty old-fashioned chintz hangings! â€Å"(p490). She really doesn't like anything about the room she's in. When she looks out her window she sees a lovely country like village full of people which she wishes she could go out and have fun there. Being trapped in a house is the worst thing that is happening to her. She tries to make the best of the situation she's in by thinking into every little thing that annoys her. The room is a symbol of a door that is closed to society. The wallpaper is the main symbol in this story. The narrator starts to see heads that have been hanged which is obvious signs that she is starting to become delusional or insane. The color starts to change from yellow to brown after days of just staring at it. She then starts to see bars on the wallpaper which is representing herself. She feels like she's in a jail cell locked up and is not allowed to have fun or do anything except what John wants her to do. Throughout the story she feels as that it's better for her to be in this room of misery with her baby, so that the baby doesn't have to stare at it all day. She doesn't want her baby â€Å"living in a room full of worlds† which almost signifies the day dreaming that goes on in there. After awhile she starts to look at the positive side of being locked up in that room. The wallpaper whether it was yellow or not, was the main controlling mechanism of the character's mood for story. Her mood no matter day or night was based on the wallpaper she was looking at. The narrator actually asked John during the beginning of her stay to take down the wallpaper since it was causing more nervous trouble, but he didn't. He thought that she was letting it get to her and wanted her to deal with it which is funny because she ended up writing an entire short story about it. The narrator could also be feeling a sense of yellow on the inside. In our world we look as yellow as happy but maybe not as fully. Colors like orange or green are a lot happier. At one point she has a view of a garden which is where she could be picking up some yellow. She even thought there was a yellow smell. The wallpaper effects her so much she feels as if it's getting into her hair. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows a very good depiction to help create a mental picture of what is going on in the room: â€Å"The color is repellent, almost revolting; a smoldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight(p. 490)†. She shows great use of vocabulary with words such as repellent and revolting along with imagery which catches her reader's eyes. The title is an example of how the narrator can show her intellectual ability and desire of how she feels like she's in prison. The narrator's ability to interpret the wallpaper and every little detail in the room is unique even though it is a psychiatry case. Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the narrator's point of view to really capture how she feels towards the wallpaper which in her mind is disgusting and not her type. Almost every paragraph is about something bad pertaining to the wallpaper. Her intellectual ability is to see and analyze things which may be why she gets along with so many people. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gives a great view saying â€Å"He says that with my imaginative power and habit of story making, a nervous weakness like mine is sure to lead to all manner of excited fancies, and that I ought to use my will and good sense to check the tendency†(p. 91). She clearly has a wild imagination that John is trying to cut down. She might be more of a hands on person. Therefore, the wallpaper brings a very different type of analytical approach. Her husband locked her up in this house so she wasn't being put to her full potential. Instead she started looking at the small things in her house while John just wanted her to si t at home and it turned into a mental illness. Towards the end of the story the narrator really started to go crazy walking around the room. She couldn't stand the fact that her bed was nailed to the floor. She ripped off all the wallpaper when nobody was around. She threw the key out of the room so that nobody can come in or out until John arrives. She even found a rope incase Jennie got in she was going to tie her which is a little crazy. The narrator realizes that if she jumps out the window that people will think she's crazy more than she already is. She's a frustrated psychiatric patient just trying to feel better. She's been in there for about a couple weeks. The wallpaper messes with her head a lot. She can't wait to leave the place she's in. She has everything planned out even taking a boat back to town. Her husband comes back for what she thinks is her last day in the psychiatric room. She rips down all of the wallpaper which showed a lot of courage since her nervousness wasn't letting her do anything til she's satisfied. She then takes the key locks the door and throws it out the window so that when John comes in he looks at her and faints. She does nothing but step over him. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows what is really going on â€Å"I kept on creeping just the same, but I looked at him over my shoulder†(p500). I think she just about had enough with staying in that room and may have even been feeling better since she worked up the courage to do all that and even walk over her own husband. Charlotte Perkins Gilman used a very easy to read type of style which was helpful in figuring out the plot and building a mental image of what was going on. † I have found out another funny thing, but I shan't tell it this time! I mean to try it, little by little. â€Å"(p498). She has a very broad use of vocabulary but not hard enough to need a dictionary to figure things out. It's interesting that she breaks the story into different parts or chapters. The narrator's character changed in each part, mostly because of the other characters or the wallpaper. Her writing style is also modern compared to other stories in this book. This type of writing style is nice. She uses a character with a mental disorientation and captures what is really going through her mind. Her writing flows just like any other short story but even better. She doesn't make it hard to figure the details out. She is very straight forward with the way she words her sentences. I'm wondering if the author wrote this short story to show another person, or if the author herself was the main character in the story. This seem like it could be a realistic story. In this century there are many mentally ill people ranging from anxiety issues to disorders. This could be a true story. The sentences are short and clear but not at all long enough to get lost in them. The story was literally written as the main character was seeing things. It was even broken up from the start of her being in the psychiatric ward included with a two week break from writing for when John kept visiting her in the beginning. Every thought and movement was written down. The Yellow Wallpaper In the story the Yellow Wall Paper, the narrator is making a statement which is saying that if you are locked up in a house or â€Å"prison† you are not being allowed to be put to your full potential with society. She is using the narrator's point of view to show how mental issues start to occur when you are confined to one place and have no actual view of the outside world. That statement also includes the effects of your mind when you can only think to yourself and imagine. The main character's mind starts to go insane when thinking too much into things. Throughout the story the main character looks into every little detail of the room and analyzes it. This is the effect of having too much time on her hands and not having anything better to do. The story is about a woman who's husband sent her away to this house to get mentally better and starts to see this wallpaper. She has very strict rules such as not being able to read or write so she starts looking at this wallpaper. While she's looking at this wallpaper she starts to interpret it in many different ways throughout the story. She's irked by the bright yellow outline that is has, which then turns into her seeing heads being hanged. As the story goes on her views of the room get even worse and it doesn't help that her husband John is treating her like a little girl. Her husband has a wrong view of what is going on in her head. She gets annoyed by the fact that she can't even talk to him about the situation she's in. The story goes on to her doing many irrational behaviors in the room and her anxiety gets worse and worse while getting fed up with everything little thing she notices in the room and about the wallpaper. She is also also a Mother that isn't aloud to be near her baby which adds to her anxiety. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows a first person point of view with the narrator about how she is feeling â€Å"So I take phosphate or phosphites- whichever it is , and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until I am well again. Personally, I disagree with their ideas. Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good†(p490). She is able to capture how the narrator is really feeling. The narrator is a housewife that doesn't have a real job. She wants more out of life; she really wants to be able to read and write so that she can put her thoughts to good use and vent. When her husband took her books away from her, she started to read the wallpaper because she likes to read and analyze and is very good at it by the way she describes the room and the wallpaper. She also didn't put up a fight when she was sent away. She develops a mental illness by being a housewife and not being able to go out. When she is put in this psychiatry room, she starts to get worse. She thinks she's getting better later on in the story because her husband tells her that she can have her life back if she gets better. The narrator is disgusted with the room she's in but tries to make the best of it. She really enjoys and desires human interaction. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows the narrator's loneliness â€Å"When I get really well, John says we will ask Cousin Henry and Julia down for a long visit; but he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillowcase as to let me have those stimulating people about now†(p. 491). This really shows how she's looking forward to seeing her family to be able to talk about her work. John is her husband who's making all the decisions and holding her back like a child. He doesn't show her much attention because he is always with other patients and often comes to visit her at night. At one point in the story he carried her from one room to another like a baby. That doesn't do her any good because she knows that she's a grown up person and is capable of doing more. By him treating her like a baby makes her feel like a baby, and then continues to more mental issues. John should've treated her like an adult so that she would act more like an adult. Charlotte made him into a controlling character â€Å"He is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction†(p490). This shows how he's controlling the way she does things yet still loves her. She needs more freedom which he doesn't want to give her. He thinks that by putting her in that room she will learn a lesson like a little child and teach herself how to get better. What she really needs is to be able to go out and enjoy what society has to offer her. The room she's in shows what it's like to be deprived by society; the room is like her own little society. She's trying to make the best of it by looking into every little detail of it from the bed to the wallpaper. She wasn't allowed to go out of her house or do anything because John wanted her to be a housewife which is why she started having all of these mental issues. She had to fulfill the duties that John wanted her to do which got boring to a certain point. She is a people's person. Every time that the nurses would come in she always talked to them as if she really knew them. Charlotte Perkins Gilman captures the narrator's thoughts â€Å"I don't like our room a bit. I wanted one downstairs that opened on the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty old-fashioned chintz hangings! â€Å"(p490). She really doesn't like anything about the room she's in. When she looks out her window she sees a lovely country like village full of people which she wishes she could go out and have fun there. Being trapped in a house is the worst thing that is happening to her. She tries to make the best of the situation she's in by thinking into every little thing that annoys her. The room is a symbol of a door that is closed to society. The wallpaper is the main symbol in this story. The narrator starts to see heads that have been hanged which is obvious signs that she is starting to become delusional or insane. The color starts to change from yellow to brown after days of just staring at it. She then starts to see bars on the wallpaper which is representing herself. She feels like she's in a jail cell locked up and is not allowed to have fun or do anything except what John wants her to do. Throughout the story she feels as that it's better for her to be in this room of misery with her baby, so that the baby doesn't have to stare at it all day. She doesn't want her baby â€Å"living in a room full of worlds† which almost signifies the day dreaming that goes on in there. After awhile she starts to look at the positive side of being locked up in that room. The wallpaper whether it was yellow or not, was the main controlling mechanism of the character's mood for story. Her mood no matter day or night was based on the wallpaper she was looking at. The narrator actually asked John during the beginning of her stay to take down the wallpaper since it was causing more nervous trouble, but he didn't. He thought that she was letting it get to her and wanted her to deal with it which is funny because she ended up writing an entire short story about it. The narrator could also be feeling a sense of yellow on the inside. In our world we look as yellow as happy but maybe not as fully. Colors like orange or green are a lot happier. At one point she has a view of a garden which is where she could be picking up some yellow. She even thought there was a yellow smell. The wallpaper effects her so much she feels as if it's getting into her hair. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows a very good depiction to help create a mental picture of what is going on in the room: â€Å"The color is repellent, almost revolting; a smoldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight(p. 490)†. She shows great use of vocabulary with words such as repellent and revolting along with imagery which catches her reader's eyes. The title is an example of how the narrator can show her intellectual ability and desire of how she feels like she's in prison. The narrator's ability to interpret the wallpaper and every little detail in the room is unique even though it is a psychiatry case. Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the narrator's point of view to really capture how she feels towards the wallpaper which in her mind is disgusting and not her type. Almost every paragraph is about something bad pertaining to the wallpaper. Her intellectual ability is to see and analyze things which may be why she gets along with so many people. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gives a great view saying â€Å"He says that with my imaginative power and habit of story making, a nervous weakness like mine is sure to lead to all manner of excited fancies, and that I ought to use my will and good sense to check the tendency†(p. 91). She clearly has a wild imagination that John is trying to cut down. She might be more of a hands on person. Therefore, the wallpaper brings a very different type of analytical approach. Her husband locked her up in this house so she wasn't being put to her full potential. Instead she started looking at the small things in her house while John just wanted her to si t at home and it turned into a mental illness. Towards the end of the story the narrator really started to go crazy walking around the room. She couldn't stand the fact that her bed was nailed to the floor. She ripped off all the wallpaper when nobody was around. She threw the key out of the room so that nobody can come in or out until John arrives. She even found a rope incase Jennie got in she was going to tie her which is a little crazy. The narrator realizes that if she jumps out the window that people will think she's crazy more than she already is. She's a frustrated psychiatric patient just trying to feel better. She's been in there for about a couple weeks. The wallpaper messes with her head a lot. She can't wait to leave the place she's in. She has everything planned out even taking a boat back to town. Her husband comes back for what she thinks is her last day in the psychiatric room. She rips down all of the wallpaper which showed a lot of courage since her nervousness wasn't letting her do anything til she's satisfied. She then takes the key locks the door and throws it out the window so that when John comes in he looks at her and faints. She does nothing but step over him. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows what is really going on â€Å"I kept on creeping just the same, but I looked at him over my shoulder†(p500). I think she just about had enough with staying in that room and may have even been feeling better since she worked up the courage to do all that and even walk over her own husband. Charlotte Perkins Gilman used a very easy to read type of style which was helpful in figuring out the plot and building a mental image of what was going on. † I have found out another funny thing, but I shan't tell it this time! I mean to try it, little by little. â€Å"(p498). She has a very broad use of vocabulary but not hard enough to need a dictionary to figure things out. It's interesting that she breaks the story into different parts or chapters. The narrator's character changed in each part, mostly because of the other characters or the wallpaper. Her writing style is also modern compared to other stories in this book. This type of writing style is nice. She uses a character with a mental disorientation and captures what is really going through her mind. Her writing flows just like any other short story but even better. She doesn't make it hard to figure the details out. She is very straight forward with the way she words her sentences. I'm wondering if the author wrote this short story to show another person, or if the author herself was the main character in the story. This seem like it could be a realistic story. In this century there are many mentally ill people ranging from anxiety issues to disorders. This could be a true story. The sentences are short and clear but not at all long enough to get lost in them. The story was literally written as the main character was seeing things. It was even broken up from the start of her being in the psychiatric ward included with a two week break from writing for when John kept visiting her in the beginning. Every thought and movement was written down.