Free Essays - A Psychological Analysis of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

My first idea when I read the story is that there's a mental viewpoint to this. This angle springs up when Brown starts to acknowledge the truth that he appears to curb. Which the truth is this? As blemished people, we've sometimes utilized misguided thinking on issues in our regular day to day existences, yet what is most significant is the manner by which we manage these encounters that will turn out to be always solidified in our brains. I feel this is the significant reason for anguish for Brown. At the point when you take a gander at his general public and the convictions of the townspeople, one can see how Brown's inner voice can be exceptionally oppressive. So domineering that it makes him have fancies concerning the government assistance of his spirit. I trust it is a fantasy or bad dream for Brown, one that he will always be unable to manage. One thinks about how Brown's townsfolk manage their wrongdoings. Do they stifle them or simply keep them avoided others? Through time, Brown learns he isn't the only one with regards to managing great and wickedness. Is it safe to say that he isn't simply managing acceptable? Or on the other hand is it the association among great and underhandedness that bugs him? His own significant other, Faith, is wasted time with side effects: a solitary lady is messed with such dreams. Brown notices, She discusses dreams, as well, which is a fairly consoling explanation for him. This appears to affirm the idea that his venture is a manufacture of his oblivious (a fantasy) and that his significant other has comparative issues. It's very unexpected that her name is Faith, which is by all accounts the very thing that she is inadequate. Likewise, Brown is gotten offguard when he sees the apprentice blend with Goody Cloyse. He remarks: that elderly person showed me my drill; such a good lady is conversing with abhorrent. We are additionally recounted how Brown's family wasn't as healthy as he accepted. His granddad lashed a Quaker lady while his dad put a match to an Indian town. How did these men manage their activities? I can recollect finding out about Puritans who used to whip themselves for their transgressions. This torment can deplete you to a physical deadness however the transgression is still in your brain. Through everything, I wonder pretty much all the damnation individuals were gotten through, during this timespan, for acts that were considered unacceptable  I truly like the imagery in this story.

Employee resourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Representative resourcing - Essay Example The complexity between these two characterizations is that in outer choice procedure, occupations are not obliged like corporate enrollment specialists (Tong and Shivanand, 2005). Organizations have taken up cutting edge techniques to play out their human asset rehearses like enlistment, determination, getting ready and advancements and examinations, execution assessment, etc. Online enrollment is fruitful with respect to quick information amassing of searcher, giving unequivocal and uniform data to the candidate sand effective (Internet Recruiting: Is It Right for you, July 2001). This finding is additionally sponsored by Hopkins and Markham (2003) study which fights that to quicken the enrollment procedure, online enlistment is recognized as the best practice. Online enrollment is in like manner convincing with respect to performing capacity organization process (Burbach and Royle, 2010). These disclosures are tried by the report subordinate upon the perspective of high ranking representative. It expresses that top administrators regularly avoid web choosing in light of their reluctance towards the use of web to look for work (Top Executives Shun Internet Recruiting, April 2000). As expressed by these officials, web doesn't give separated impression of their experience that is fundamental for demonstrating their learning range. It could be battled beginning here that still there is a need to improve the acumen of top administrators to cause them to comprehend that online enrollment and decisions are amazing. It is also perceived that Davenport Management Limited, a UK firm has achieved giant benefits after the execution of contracting organization system (HMS), an online enlistment and decision with respect to lessened enrollment cost, utilizing of worth hopefuls and quick assurance process. At NHS, E-enlistment system adopts after a systematic strategy to enlist peop le in a down to earth way and extras time of candidates (Recruitment

Blog Archive B-School Insider Interview First-Year Student, Northwestern Kellogg, Class of 2014

Blog Archive B-School Insider Interview First-Year Student, Northwestern Kellogg, Class of 2014 We spoke with a first-year student at Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management just as she was completing the initial year of the MBA program. With a major in finance and a certificate in international business from the University of Notre Dame, she spent several years working in consulting before deciding to go to business school, where she believes her focus will ultimately be on management strategy and social enterprise. At this point, she hopes to find a post-MBA position in the education technology space, perhaps at a start-up or within a university. mbaMission: Thank you for speaking with me about your experience as a Kellogg student. What specifically attracted you to the school in the first place? Kellogg First Year: I think more than anything, overall, the culture. I think, you know, once you start looking academically, you’re definitely going to get a good academic value, so I was really looking for what felt right. But also important to me was finding a community that supported the more social education focus that I knew I was coming back to school for. And I found a lot of places, they had clubs that were either education industry focused or even just community service groups, but when I asked students about them, nobody really knew anything about them. But at Kellogg, people could automatically introduce me toâ€"“Oh, this person is into education and wants to start a charter school” or “Let me introduce you to this person that’s leading the Habitat for Humanity build next week.” So it was much more inherent to the culture. Not that I wasn’t looking for that from a networking perspective, but just more so to have a community of people that accepted wanting to do something with a business degree outside of the normal finance and consulting, CPG [consumer packaged goods], and kind of that understanding of the broader use. mbaMission: I see. So are you involved with any of the clubs or other activities like that? KFY: I am. I think Kellogg is one of those schoolsâ€"though I didn’t ask questions about clubs when I was looking at schoolsâ€"but I think I’m overwhelmed by the amount of student activity and involvement there is, just because I feel like there’s 20 student activities every day, so it’s hard to not be involved. Personally, I try to [commit to] one community service only club, one activity with the admissions office, working with the dean’s office and then two things purely for fun. mbaMission: So how many clubs or activities would the average Kellogg student be involved in, do you think? KFY: That’s a good question. I would say that everybody is actively involved in at least three, but you’ll find people that are technically part of 20 clubs. But whether they’re actively involved? Probably not. I would say, on a minimum, three, but it’s definitely not unusual to find people that are involved with ten. mbaMission: Sure. If you could capture the Kellogg student experience in one word, what would that be? I realize that’s sort of a daunting question. KFY: Oh, I don’t even know where to go with thatâ€"one word… Teamwork. It’s one of the guiding principles [at Kellogg], and I think that encompasses academically the philosophy of the school, but also truly everything outside of school sort of has that teamwork mentality. I feel like no matter who’s planning, whether it’s a dinner, a night out at a bar or a big event for the school, everybody’s very inclusive, and its more about bringing everybody else along and not being exclusive. mbaMission: So would you say that teamwork’s been an important factor in your Kellogg experience? KFY: Yes, definitely. And everything centers around that, both in school and out. mbaMission: Right. Kellogg has a strong reputation for marketing, of course. Would you say that’s a fair characterization? KFY: Yes. I would say that it’s definitely where the majority of students go. It’s definitely where the best professors are, and I think the most interesting classes, but I thinkâ€"being someone that’s outside of that bubbleâ€"I don’t feel like I go to a “marketing only” school. I definitely have more choices. I mean, those teachers are incredible, and I love taking those classes, but I think it kind of masks all the other things that Kellogg is good at, too. mbaMission: So what are some of those other strengths that you think the school should be known for? KFY: In terms of industries or jobs, I think social enterprise is something that doesn’t get enough spotlight, just because it doesn’t get the spotlight in the business world. The health care program is really growing, and the support and the access to industry that they have right now, it’s pretty amazing. Of course, always consulting, and honestly, I think with [Chicago] Booth so close-by, we get overshadowed in terms of finance, but I think there’s a very big advantage for people to come to Kellogg, because it is a smaller group, yet all of the same banks recruit here. mbaMission: Sure. I imagine you know about Kellogg’s efforts to shrink its two-year MBA class size and increase the size of its one-year program? KFY: Yes. mbaMission: How do you think that will affect the student experience? Are students generally aware of these changes, and do they feel that this is a positive direction for the school? KFY: I think everybody’s aware, and I think there’sâ€"it’s kind of a tough question, because I think there is a little bit of a misperception. I think the one-year program is a great option, especially as opposed to part-time. You’re just able to get more of the student experience because you are there full-time. But I think they’re still very separate from the two-year program, just in terms of socialization, if that makes sense. So I don’t think anybody thinks that they’re missing out on anything. It’s just definitely a different experience that fits some better than others. mbaMission: You mentioned teamwork earlier. Do you think the emphasis on teamwork translates to the one-year program, or is there a sense that it’s different? KFY: I think it still does, because for every class, you’re going to be in a different team, and it’s not that it’s the same team or the same teamwork for two years. I almost think it adds more diversity and more of a learning experience into that teamwork element, because in that second year, you have, you know, a hundred more people to form teams with and learn from. At least my experience so far has been that those people tend to be a little bit closer to industry experience. They have much more specific goals, and at least at Kellogg right now, it seems like more of an international population, too. So I think that’s a good diversity mix that’s being added in, and it’s definitely, in terms of a business perspective for Kellogg, a very smart thing to do. mbaMission: I see. Interesting. KFY: But there’s definitely division, though. We just had a comedy show, our Kellogg comedy show, last week, and jokes are always going to be about the differences between 1Ys [first years] and 2Ys [second years]. mbaMission: Of course. Another change, not so recent, but the school hired Sally Blount as the dean in 2010. What would you say students generally think of her vision for the school? Has she shaped Kellogg’s culture in any noticeable way? KFY: I think it’s noticeable every day. Between Dean Blount and Dean [Elizabeth] Ziegler, the [associate dean of MBA programs and] dean of students, I think more than anything they have a very clear vision, but it’s more that they’re getting things done quickly. The input that they get, they ask for from students. It’s a very quick turnaround time, which is great, especially since we’re only there for one or two years, so you can see the change happening. And I think it’s more so that it’s being very responsive to what the needs are, industry needs or what the market will look like and how we need to best be prepared. So I can already feel the changes, maybe not so much with the curriculum, but I think the biggest place that I’ve seen it is in terms of technologyâ€"they’re trying to incorporate technology more and more into the classroomâ€"and how involved students have been with that and the quick turnaround and change that is happening. mbaMission: Do students feel like they can express complaints or ideas to the administration pretty easily? KFY: Yes. There are always forums. The deans all have lunches that you can sign up for or fireside chats or cocktails, and I don’t know how true it is, but they claim to all have an open-door policy. But also, something that I was involved with that I thought was very cool is that there’s a Dean’s Consulting Alliance now. So we got credit last quarter for basically being on a small consulting team, working on an issue or something that the leadership wanted to look at. We presented it, and now we’re actually implementing what we suggested, because they wanted us to just take ownership and have that contribution. mbaMission: That’s great. Would you say students at Kellogg pay attention to the rankings? Are they considered important? KFY: I would say they’re important, but they’re not the most important thing. I think it is important for us to be in the top five or somewhere near the top, but I wouldn’t say people obsess over that importance. I think it goes back to the culture, though, because our network is going to be based more so on that culture and that common bond of the experience more so than the number. mbaMission: Sure. So in terms of the culture, what would you say is special about the culture at Kellogg? KFY: I think the size is an advantage for the culture. It’s not too large, but yet, I like to describe the culture as everybody recognizes everybody else, but you can still walk into a room and be meeting somebody new for the first time. And people are very open to that. I would say the culture makes a difference because it’s more about the experience and not just about the ranking and the academics. I think if you talk to anybody at Kellogg, they’ll say that the value that we’re getting at Kellogg is more based on the holistic experience than just the academics, the name or the ranking. I mean, I don’t want to downplay that the academics aren’t just as grueling or as hard core. People are serious about their academics, but they’re not going to be competitive about it. mbaMission: Sure. What would you tell a prospective student are the best social or community events that happen at Kellogg? KFY: I think Ski Trip is the first thing that comes to mind, because it encompasses everything that Kellogg does well. I think a lot of the cultural, diversity-type eventsâ€"especially that incorporate the different country business clubs. Just basically the general social big blockbusters. mbaMission: Okay. Are there a lot of travel opportunities at Kellogg? KFY: There are. And honestly that was one of the things that I really liked about Kellogg, too, because I think there’s a good mix of opportunities for academic and class-related things for community service. Maybe it just is the culture that everyone travels and everybody wants to explore, so just that mind-set. I guess people aren’t limited by their fear of debt. I don’t know, people just want to explore, and everybody travels a lot. mbaMission: Right. Do you have any favorite professors? KFY: That’s tough, because I haven’t had a lot of choice yet. This is my first quarter outside of the core. I would say, even though I did not have her for a full class, I would say Professor [Julie] Hennessy. She will say that she’s good at teaching because she loves it, and that’s completely true. You can tell it’s her passion because of the energy and excitement she brings to the classroom. She brings the industry expertise, and teaching is what she does full-time. As of right now, I would say Professor [James] Conley  teaches a lot of intellectual propertyâ€"type classes, and because he is so passionate about the subject matter, it makes class that much more engaging. mbaMission: Were there specific courses in the core that you really liked? KFY: Yeah. Even though I don’t consider myself part of the marketing bubble, so to speak, the core marketing class was very eye-opening to me, just because it was taught in a very different way than [at] my undergrad institution. And I think it clicked for the first time that it’s definitely an advantage of going to a school like Kellogg, where it is such a strong suit. And I would say even just your basic strategy class, core-wise, because we do it with our section, with a great baseline for everything to build on top of. To do it amongst a group of peers that you’re already comfortable with, I think really kind of got everybody more comfortable with engagement and class discussion and participation. mbaMission: Sure. I really appreciate your taking the time for this interview. KFY: Sure. Thank you, too. Share ThisTweet B-School Insider Interview Northwestern University (Kellogg)

Essay on Seventeen Traditions - 1086 Words

Textual Analysis: The Seventeen Traditions Ralph Naders Seventeen Traditions, published in 2007 is a short and slim 150 page novel. Nader was born and raised in Winsted, Connecticut and is an American political activist, author, lawyer, and lecturer. Nader reflects on the seventeen traditions that shaped his life as a child of Lebanese immigrants, growing up in a small town. The traditions reveal the importance of social values and the role families play as the transporter of those values which explains Naders purpose that, traditions offer guidance and inspiration for the parents, children and grandchildren of today. This novel not only reveals much about Naders own life and values, it also challenges the reader to†¦show more content†¦I strongly believe that eating together as a family is more important today than in the past because of the competing distractions from technology, more activities outside the home and the variety of convenient fast food restaurants. As Nader states, â€Å"Were drowning in photograp hs and videos, capturing every mundane moment of our birthdays, holidays and vacations. Yet these can be no more than pleasant distractions, only scratching the surface of our real relationships.† Sharing stories around the dinner table can have a more powerful and lasting impact that digital technology. In todays society children are learning about the world from many different sources; therefore, the only opportunity to communicate as a family is at the dinner table. Children need a shared, safe place to discuss ideas within the understanding company of a family and parents need time to connect with their kids. I live in a busy household with 3 siblings who all play sports and have part time jobs aside from getting an education. Unfortunately, we do not eat dinner together every night due to our busy lifestyles, but we all try to sit down together every Sunday night. This tradition has existed for many years and isShow MoreRelatedRalph Nader’s Life Lesson in The Seven teen Traditions753 Words   |  3 PagesRalph Nader’s book, The Seventeen Traditions, discusses several traditions, seventeen in total, which the author learned from his parents, siblings, and other individuals in the community and draws certain inspiring life lessons for the current society. The book is genially human and full of sensory chronicles. Through the key traditions outlined in the book, Nader looks back at his Lebanese background and childhood experiences that directly shaped his worldview. This review analyses some of theRead Moreseventeen traditions Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Tradition normally means time transcendence passed down from elder generation to younger generation. In the book â€Å"The Seventeen Traditions† written by Ralph Nader, Nader explains many different kinds of traditions learned from his parents and family. The central idea is that tradition enriches the human experiences and gives a value building one’s personality and character beyond power and money. These days’ people are too busy to consider what is really important in their lives or what theyRead MoreObanua Ogugua Critical Analysis1850 Words   |  8 PagesInterestingly, it is clear now that the author might not have been interested in portraying the polygamy in the novel in the literal sense, but deftly twists the novel to largely accommodate his message on the immiscibility of tradition and modernity. And what better way to effect this than through the element of marriage? He marries the societal constructs together to show the ghastly effect of having them so close together. We also, however, must not ignore that there is actually a message on polygamyRead MoreSeventeen Syllables by Hisaye Yamamoto1544 Words   |  7 PagesSeventeen Syllables by Hisaye Yamamoto Writing about integration into a completely different society and, even a completely different world, is, in my opinion, very difficult. To be able to really well describe all the feelings and conflicts which, unfortunately, are present while speaking about such an issue, one needs some own authentic experience, and since the author of this short story is of Japanese origin, there is a very good chance of reading a great piece of work. â€Å"SeventeenRead MoreThe Body As Attire, By Dorothy Ko953 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1997, Dorothy Ko published an article in the Journal of Women’s History called â€Å"The Body as Attire: The Shifting Meanings of Footbinding in Seventeen-Century China†. The article is organized with a brief introduction as to what footbinding is, the negative outlook on this practice due to problematic archives, and then she discusses the examples she gives to support her thesis. Ko’s thesis was â€Å"Chinese elite males in the seventeenth century regarded footbinding in three ways: as an expressionRead MoreThe Candie s Foundation Advertisement1727 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will analyze the Candie’s Foundation advertisement found in the Seventeen magazine. The advertisement is directed to the teenage audience, and its message is to avoid teenage pregnancy. The Candie’s Foundations is a non-profit organization that prevents teenage pregnancy by provid ing information and making campaigns. The advertisement will be examined by the use of logos, pathos, and ethos. These three different appeals will help to describe and understand each part placed in the advertisementRead MoreWomen During The Centuries Of Women1534 Words   |  7 Pageshundreds, the first colonies such as that of Jamestown in sixteen o’ seven, were being founded, so women’s key role was to keep these newly founded households alive and well. Women during this time were also expected to follow and encourage the strict traditions of the churches at this time. Although male figures dominated the churches at this time, some women began voicing their opinions in society. A key figure in the history of women during the sixteen hundreds was Anne Hutchinson. Anne Hutchinson wasRead MoreMother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use1428 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, written by Hisaye Yamamoto, and â€Å"Every day Use†, written by Alice Walker, the relationship between the mother and the daughter is portrayed. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, the protagonist, Rosie is an American born Japanese (Nisei) who does not understand well about the Japanese culture, whereas her Issei mother, Mrs. Hayashi was born and raised in Japan and married to America. Mrs. Hayashi loves writing haiku, a traditional Japanese poetry, to escape from the reality of her lovelessRead MorePersonal Response on the On the Rainy River1309 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped the principles and character I have today, separation from the culture, language, and traditions that I grew up in, separation from the life I have lived for seventeen years, and separation from the dreams I have dreamed for seventeen years†¦ or is it? Tim and I might have totally different definition of Canada but for both of us the decision to move or to stay was merely just a choice. I lived seventeen years of my life in the Philippines, four years of which is with my mom separated from usRead MoreSimilarities Between Pop Culture And Transcendentalism855 Words   |  4 PagesSimilarity Between Transcendentalism and Modern Pop Culture Even though there is about one hundred and eighty years apart from the year transcendentalism started to the year two thousand seventeen, we can still see many similarities, and some notable differences between these two era. Transcendentalism movement is a philosophical movement that happen in between 1820s to 1830s in the United States. The movement started with Ralph Waldo Emerson, a famous philosopher and writer. The main tenets of the

Placing the Verb Before the Subject in Spanish

As in English, the most common word order in Spanish for the main parts of a sentence is for the main verb to follow the subject, that is, the noun that performs the action of the verb. For example, the following sentences follow the normal pattern: El hombre canta. (The man sings. In this sentence, hombre/man is the subject noun, and canta/sings is the verb.)El aà ±o fue especialmente cà ¡lido.  (The year was especially hot. Aà ±o/year is the subject noun, and fue/was is the verb.) However, in Spanish it is much more common than in English for that word order to be reversed, for there to be an inversion. In general, Spanish is more flexible in where parts of the sentence can be located. This lesson deals specifically with placing the subject after the verb. Here are those most common cases where this phenomenon appears: Inversion of Subject-Verb Order in Questions and Exclamations When a question begins with an interrogative word, also known as a question word, a verb typically comes next, followed by the noun. This pattern is common in English as well, but not as common as in Spanish.  ¿Dà ³nde pueden encontrar informacià ³n los diabà ©ticos? (Where can diabetics find information? Diabà ©ticos/diabetics is the subject of the sentence, while the compound verb is pueden encontrar/can find.) ¿Cuà ¡ndo va à ©l al mà ©dico? (When is he going to the doctor?) ¿Quà © son los cromosomas?  ¿Cuà ¡ntos tenemos los humanos?  (What are chromosomes? How many do we humans have?) When an interrogative word begins an exclamation, the subject also follows the verb:  ¡Quà © desnudos son los à ¡rboles! (How bare the trees are!) ¡Cuà ¡ntos errores cometià ³ à ©l!  (What a lot of mistakes he made!) When a question doesnt include an interrogative pronoun, and the verb isnt modified by an object or an adverbial phrase the standard word order typically is retained:  ¿Se graduà ³ en la universidad? (He graduated from the university?) ¿Va a tener un bebà ©? (She is going to have a baby?) But if the verb isnt modified by an object or phrase, the inverted order is typically used: Son amigos o desconocidos? (Are they friends or strangers?)Desaparecieron tus primos? (Did your cousins disappear?) Changing Word Order Because of Adverbs Because Spanish likes to keep adverbs close to the verbs they modify, the noun can be placed after the verb when the adverb (or adverbial phrase, as in the third example below) comes before the verb. Siempre me decà ­a mi madre que en la vida se recoge lo que se siembra. (My mother always told me that in life you reap what you sow. In the first part of the sentence, the subject mi madre follows the verb decà ­a, which is kept close to the adverb siempre.)Asà ­ era la Internet en la dà ©cada de los 90. (Thats how the Internet was in the 90s.)Cuando era nià ±o me maltrataron muchà ­simo mis padres. (When I was a boy my parents mistreated me a lot.)Con permiso salià ³ la mujer con el coche de mi padre. (With permission, the woman left with my fathers car.) Verbs of Existence Usually Go First The verbs haber (when it isnt used to form a perfect tense) and existir can be used to indicate that something exists. They are nearly always followed by the subject: Existen muchos mitos alrededor del sida. (There are many myths surrounding AIDS.)Solo hay dos opciones. (There are only two choices.)Una vez habà ­a tres hermanos que vivà ­an juntos. (Once there were three brothers who lived together.) Inverting Word Order To Indicate Whos Speaking In English, you can say either Its difficult, Paula said or Its difficult, said Paula, although the former is more common. In Spanish, the latter variation — Es difà ­cil, dijo Paula — is nearly always used. The inverted order is also used with verbs other than decir that indicate what a person is saying or thinking. Eso està ¡ muy bien, contestà ³ el presidente. (Thats very fine, the president answered.)Es sà ³lo un sueà ±o, pensà ³ la nià ±a.  (Its only a dream, the girl thought.)— ¡Bueno, bueno, basta ya! —gritaba el hombre. (Good, good, thats enough now! the man was shouting.) Using Verbs Such as Gustar Gustar is an unusual verb in that it is used almost exclusively in sentences that follow an indirect object gustar subject pattern. Thus in Me gusta la manzana (usually translated as I like the apple rather than the more literal the apple is pleasing to me), the verb gusta is followed by the subject la manzana. Similar verbs  include faltar (to be lacking), importar (to be important), encantar (to delight), molestar (to bother), doler (to cause pain), and quedar (to remain). A las vacas les gusta la mà ºsica de acordeà ³n. (Cows like accordion music. Although cows is the subject in the English translation, mà ºsica is the subject in Spanish.)Ya no me importa el dinero. (Money still isnt important to me.)Me duele la cabeza solo en el lado derecho. (My head aches only on the right side.) Inverting Word Order for Emphasis It is seldom grammatically wrong in Spanish  (although it can be awkward) to place almost any verb before its subject noun. When done, it is usually for emphasis or some kind of effect. De repente me escuchà ³ mi madre. (At once my mother listened to me. Here the speaker may be placing emphasis on the listening. It is also possible that the speaker is emphasizing the suddenness of the verbs action, so the adverbial phrase de repente comes first and is kept close to the verb. )Aprendimos de ellos y aprendieron ellos de nosotros. (We learned about them and they learned about us. Here the speaker may be subconsciously avoiding the awkwardness of ellos y ellos, which would be the normal word order.)Un aà ±o mà ¡s tarde, el 8 de abril de 1973, fallecià ³ Picasso. (One year later, on April 18, 1973, Picasso died. The subject often follows forms of fallecer and the synonym morir in journalistic writing.) Key Takeaways Spanish, like English, usually places the subject of a sentence before its verb. In Spanish, however, is is more common to change the order for reasons that include both meaning and style.Perhaps the most common reason for changing to a verb-subject word order is to form questions that use an interrogative pronoun.Sometimes the verb is placed before the subject to give the verb added emphasis.

Organizational Culture And Leadership Effectiveness

The military has always thrived on leadership; it has been the core of this organization and the foundation that sustains it. Studies on organizational culture and leadership effectiveness have continued to gain popularity in recent years. Wong (2003) stated that long before leadership became a topic of discussion in the corporate, academic, or even public realm, militaries have been enamored by leadership. Leadership in the military has always been held in high regard. A leader is anyone who by virtue of assumed role or assigned responsibility inspires and influences people to accomplish organizational goals Yet, in recent years, an ever increasing style of leadership has emerged; toxic leadership. With military officials gaining negative attention, the Armed Forces determined that there needed to be an army-wide removal of toxic leaders and implementation of training that focuses on a new leadership style; effective leadership. Toxic leadership is defined as a leader who is destructive or harmful in nature, and has only concern for personal interest. Toxic leadership is an ever increasing issue that has affected the U.S. Armed Forces as well as many institutions of higher education and other organizations. . Toxic leadership may be considered a form of oppression since it entails unjust treatment, cruelty (to an extent), and mental pressure or distress. In order to capture the complexity of toxic leadership focus should be placed on personality traits such as narcissismShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Analysis : Organizational Structure1521 Words   |  7 Pagesthe week titled â€Å"Experiments in Organizational Structure† I noticed two themes, self-managed teams and organizational culture. There was a clear divide of organizational culture between the companies such as Moosewood Collective and Zappos versus Amazon and Enron. The readings for the week were well-rounded and demonstrated that each cultu re had positive and negatives. However, research can enhance what organizational culture has been found to be the best culture in creating successful companiesRead MoreEssay on Applied Business Research Case Study935 Words   |  4 Pagescorporations to failure, researchers and business leaders realize the need for ethical and sound leadership. The need for ethical and sound leadership helps to facilitate and manage daily operations and to sustain their competitive advantage within the global economy. However, with this evolution, numerous research studies add to the understanding of leadership theories and the effects on organizational climate and culture. The following findings concentrate on research limitations, ethical standards, analysisRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Leadership Development1275 Words   |  6 Pagesprogressively generate business associations with organizations whose cultures are different, employees may work with others who hold different views of what establishes effective functioning in an organization, and what relationships are existent between organizational factors and workplace effectiveness (Kwantes and Boglarsky, 2007). Knowing the importance of leadership in modern-day organizations, it is not shocking that leadership development gets the biggest percentage distribution from trainingRead MoreCitigroup : A Leading Multinational Investment Banking And Financial Services Corporation1653 Words   |  7 Pageswill be a direct reflection of how effectively my leadership skills will influence our organizational culture. 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Context of Corporate Finance and Profit Maximization †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Context of Corporate Finance and Ethics. Answer: Introduction In the context of corporate finance, a companys success is measured by the shareholders wealth. It has gained paramount importance in the current scenario as it leads to goodwill of the organization. The extent to which the shareholders are enriched is often termed as shareholder value maximization. In direct terms it refers to the dividends paid to the shareholders and the capital appreciation, but indirectly it involves a lot of factors like management actions and strategic analysis on areas like cost of capital, etc that indicates the amounts the shareholders would have earned if they had themselves invested the amounts in assets bearing similar risks. Therefore, stakeholders are primarily concerned with the organization that provides a huge wealth maximization (Hemmer Labro, 2008). As the level of competition is increasing on one hand and the significance on shareholder value maximization is highlighted, on the other hand, it is becoming increasingly difficult for companies to o perate both viable and ethically. Here comes the distinction between doing well and doing good. As the drive for fast money has led to a number of corporate scams, various laws and regulations have been introduced during the recent years to ensure the ethical performance of the corporate houses. From time to time there have been scandals that have jolted the corporate arena and such problems occurred either due to the flaws in the ethical standards or due to the lust for the creation of wealth. It has been noted that the lust for the creation of wealth leads to deterioration of service and more emphasis is done on the concept of money making (Benabou Tirole, 2010). These conflicts are discussed with the help of cases and situations of ethical dilemma faced by companies. It is, therefore, imperative that the company must operate in a manner that creates shareholder wealth and looks after the ethics too. Is Value Maximization always ethical? The prime goal of the management is to increase the profit by maximization of profits. Wealth maximization of the shareholder and profit maximization must go hand in hand. The discussion from the past indicates that the manager should contain immense attention on the shareholder wealth maximization. It is important for the firm to entertain the customers, suppliers and other stakeholders as if it fails to take a step in this regard then it might fail in the attempt. Value maximization must be stressed upon with immense concern as it generates goodwill for the business and leads to benefits over a period of time (Carol et. al, 2016). While most companies run businesses ethically, there are a few others that resort to unethical practices. In the lust of creation of wealth, many corporations try to break the ethical ground. There have been many instances when the companies tried to break their ethical stand to earn wealth. However, the same cannot be considered as ethical. The line between doing profitable business and doing ethical business is very thin, the line sometimes gets crossed by companies in their efforts to maximize profits (Patterson, 2000). A CEOs job is to maximize the revenue streams for shareholders demanding higher Return on Investment but again the balance between the cost of pushing for profits and being an ethical organization has to be weighed. With the increasing transparency, shareholders are becoming more knowledgeable towards the ethical considerations of the companies. In the long run, it can be seen that most profitable companies have run on ethical practices during their formative years (Paradise Rogoff, 2009). Thus ethics play an integral part and usually create a positive image and reputation for the company. A company that runs the operation on an ethical ground helps to earn a positive image and attracts the stakeholders. Shareholder wealth gets maximized automatically as investors wish to invest in such companies. The number of stakeholders associated with the company gives an impression of the wealth maximization of the company (Bhattacharya Sen, 2010). Thus it can be concluded that due to companies resorting to unethical practices, shareholder wealth maximization is not always ethical, companies resorting to ethical practices have a longer standing than unethical companies. The bottom line is that value maximization is not always ethical but there are ethical ways of achieving value maximization in the practical sense. Hence, it is the duty of the managers to drive the company in the correct path and create a situation that will help to deliver as per the prediction. Wealth maximization must be the objective but should not be done at the cost of other factors. The managers must ensure implementation of strong ethical standards that helps in creating a positive environment where the operations are in tune to the regulatory framework (Kruger, 2015). It helps to maximize wealth and even serves the stakeholders at large. Conflict between doing well and doing good Doing well indicates that the company is performing in line with the applicable laws and regulations with adequate professional knowledge, experience, and expertise. The public will accept this work due to high quality and excellence. Monetary considerations are high and shareholder gains are also appreciable. Therefore, doing well is a positive scenario for the company as it indicates a strong performance. Doing good need not be always for monetary consideration as the intention to benefit the society and the community at large takes a primary place. The intentions are noble with a motive to set things right in the society (Edwards, 2015). Thus there is more focus on corporate social responsibility and sustainable business wherein profit motive is not primary. Thus the conflict here is that profit is the primary motive in doing well whereas service is the primary motive for doing good. Conflicts arise in business practices that are aimed at profit maximization. It is about making money and making a change in the society. The trade-offs and struggles between doing well and doing good have to be weighed (Rebel, 2016). The interests are not the same in both cases, making it difficult to face the challenges that lie ahead. It is a comparison between socially responsible organizations and a few irresponsible ones (Albuquerque et. al, 2013). It is also similar to the comparison between the profit making decisions and demands of social transformations. In the midst of these conflicts, the current and practical scenario is indicative that markets are having a significant role to play in the social change. There is no threshold for increasing the happiness or well-being of the individuals in the society, but providing a basic minimum income level i n line with the increasing inflation and general price index should be the motive in both the cases. Thus there are conflicts between doing well and doing good with reference to the way businesses are run and a number of profits generated. Government regulations tilting towards Doing Good in case of Conflicts A company is a separate legal entity and the board of management is a functioning body appointed by the shareholders for looking after the day to day affairs of the business. But with the increasing greed of the Board and shareholders, companies have resorted to fraudulent and illegitimate ways of earning fast money which has given rise to a few important legislations; the most specific ones are the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Dodd-Frank Act (Blokhin, 2015). With the due passage of time, there has been an immense change in the ethical standard of the company and this has been done considering the objective of wealth maximization. Therefore, rules and regulations have been framed so that the investors are not duped. Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in the year 2002 to protect the investors from fraudulent accounting and reporting by corporations. There are strict mandates with reference to financial disclosures and adequacy of internal controls. Management certifications are obtained on all significant areas like the accuracy of financial statements thus strengthening the corporate oversight. Investors need to know that the financial information they are relying upon is truthful and verified by independent third parties. Disclosures relating to off-balance sheet items and obligations, significant financial matters are also in place (Rebel, 2016). There are costly implications like penalties in the form of fines and also imprisonment for the violations. Sarbanes-Oxley Act was a major landmark and it came into operation after a long list of scandals (Kacperczyk, 2009). It stresses to provide a boost to the audit committees, the establishment of internal control tests, financial statement accuracy, et c. Further, it stresses penalties when it comes to fraud and even provides how the firms should operate. The main stress of the act is to strengthen the audit committee and changes the financial scenario significantly. Dodd-Frank Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was enacted in the year 2010. The great recession led to financial losses and risky market performance. The Act aimed to make financial systems more accountable and transparent, to prevent institutions from becoming too big to fail and to end the government bailouts funded by taxpayers and to end the risky and abusive financial practices (Mangena, 2007). There are monitoring and restructuring of companies that have become financially risky or weak. Thus the efficiency and accuracy of companies are enhanced. It can be thus seen that in both these regulations mandatory provisions with reference to ethical business, financial transparency and disclosures are enacted and there are strict provisions on violation of the same. Profit maximization is not the motive of these acts and thus it is tilted towards doing good rather than doing well in business (Donius, 2010). A case for the interrelationship of ethical decision making by corporate management and the profitability of the firm A company under the brand name, Honeywell Ltd. Successfully brands itself as an ethical and sustainable organization in the footwear and related accessories industry. Their Code of conduct specifies the requirements of various laws and regulations and the certifications to meet the minimum obligations regarding labor working conditions, environment safety, etc. They are working actively and closely with organizations like UNICEF to prevent child labor and also effectively tackle issues to ensure that there is no hoarding of natural resources (Bertilsson, 2017). Due to these factors, it is being widely recognized as a nature nurturing brand with significance for ethics and sustainability. But as the size of the organization develops, it is fairly a difficult task to operate ethically in all areas; among different countries and cultures. As business expansion is primarily aimed at profits maximization, off late it has violated a few of its own drafted laws and regulations by employing child labor in a few areas and growing racial discrimination among employees. Fingers were being pointed out at the Management and the Union was not allowed in the factories. This growing unrest led to the downsizing and slashing of employees (Denning, 2011). Apart from this, a few of the employee benefits were withdrawn which leads to a poor morale in the workplace. This can have devastating results. It is unethical to slash the employee expenses in an attempt to increase profits, but corporations resort to this method as it is quick, effective and proven. Apart from this, marketing and advertisements play an important role in a companys success. But in an attempt to maximize profits, companies often struggle with what is ethically right and wrong. In this case, too, Honeywell had targeted children in advertisements to attract customers and used unethical marketing strategies to draw customers. Lawsuits have been filed by a few consumers in response to the false claims made during the marketing. Adhering to environmental laws and regulations often proves to be costly with the growing size of the business. In this case, too, Honeywell wanted to grow its profits due to which it was increasing pollution and making unauthorized use of the natural resources. The claims made by the company were that environmental laws penalize only excessive environmental damage and not moderate or mild damage (Bertilsson, 2017). Quality is one significant area where the company can compromise to increase its profits by still selling the products at the same price (Julia Elizabeth, 2010). But as the customers become aware that Honeywell has crossed the line and entered into unethical business, it is a loss of trust, reputation and market share for the company. It leads to slow growth and reduced revenue (Bauer Hann, 2010). Therefore, it is a clear-cut indication that the stakeholders need to be given due weight so that the company can retain the old ones and attract the new ones. The compromise in quality can happen but to a certain extent because after it is exposed it becomes for the company to operate in the same manner. Thus the difference between doing well and doing good business is noticed. As long as Honeywell Ltd. Was operating locally, it was doing good business but once it went for global expansion, it shifted to doing business well in the drive to increase profits. In such cases of dilemma and interrelationship between doing well and doing good, corporations have to think long term and shun the idea of short-term profitability. The corporations must vouch for the profit in the long run. The long run scenario must be looked upon as it drives the overall momentum of the business. However, if the company stress upon profitability in the short run then it is bound to make a hasty decision and engage in activities that might not go well with the functioning of the company and ruin the overall goodwill (Patterson, 2000). A lot of companies stand out as examples of having done good business and yet being successful over years (Hong Kacperczyk, 2009). It is not possible for a company to remain in the doing well or doing good compartment throughout its existence as these are interrelated and companies tend to swing between these two on a situational basis. Thus there has to be a trade-off and a balance with corporations striving to do good business mos t of the time. Conclusion From the above analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that the incorporation of the concept of ethics is a complex and tricky matter, profit maximization is seen as a motivator. The major stress is on the concept of ethics because an organization with improper ethics finds it difficult to sustain for long. As ethics and profit maximization have to co-exist, the success of this interrelationship depends upon the profit potential of ethics. Companies are willing to act ethically as long as it satisfies its other goals of cost reduction and increasing profitability. Being branded as an ethical organization is a competitive advantage for the company which will ultimately lead to higher profits and shareholder value maximization provided there are the time and patience to wait for the same both by the shareholders and the company. An ethical company tends to have a positive image and enjoy a strong goodwill. Therefore, the company should stress on ethical standards and the recent up dates in the field of corporate governance have provided an apt example that corporate governance is the need of the hour. An unethical business will not be able to sustain in the long run. References Albuquerque, R, Durnev, A, Koskinen, Y 2013, Corporate social responsibility and firm risk: theory and empirical evidence, Boston University. Benabou, R Tirole, R 2010, Individual and Corporatefinance Social responsibility, Ecnomica vol.11, pp. 1-19 Bauer, R Hann, D 2010, Corporate environmental management and credit risk, Maastricht University. Kruger, P 2015, Corporate goodness and shareholder wealth, Journal of Financial economics, pp. 304-329 Bhattacharya, Du S Sen S, CB 2010, Maximizing business returns to corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of CSR communication, Management Review vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 19-26 Hong, H Kacperczyk, M 2009, The price of sin: the effects of social norms on markets, Journal of Financial Economics, pp. 35-66 Kacperczyk, A 2009, With greater power comes greater responsibility? Takeover protection and corporate attention to stakeholders, Strategic Management vol. 30, pp. 251285. Carol, A.A, Brad, P, Prakash J. S, Jodi Y 2016, Exploring the implications of integrated reporting for social investment (disclosures), The British Accounting and finance Review, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 283296 Hemmer, T Labro, E 2008, On the optimal relation between the properties of managerial and financial reporting systems, Journal of Accounting Research, vol. 46, pp. 12091240. Paradise, R Rogoff, B 2009, Side by Side: Learning by Observing and Pitching In, Ethos, vol. 37, pp. 102138 Mangena, M 2007, Disclosure, Corporate Governance and Foreign Share Ownership on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange, Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 53- 85 Blokhin, A 2015, What impact did the Sarbanes-Oxley Act have on corporate governance in the United States? viewed 20 May 2017 https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/052815/what-impact-did-sarbanesoxley-act-have-corporate-governance-united-states.asp Denning, S 2011, The Dumbest Idea In The World: Maximizing Shareholder Value, viewed 20 May 2017 https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevedenning/2011/11/28/maximizing-shareholder-value-the-dumbest-idea-in-the-world/#228705852287 Julia, S.K Elizabeth C. R 2010, Conflict Between Doing Well And Doing Good? Capital Budgeting Case Study Coors, Journal of Business Case Studies, vol. 6, no.6, pp. 123-130 Patterson, T 2000, Doing Well Doing Good, viewed 20 May 2017 https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/soft_news_and_critical_journalism_2000.pdf Edwards, M 2015, Why its time to say goodbye to doing good and doing well, viewed 20 May 2017 https://www.opendemocracy.net/transformation/michael-edwards/why-it-s-time-to-say-goodbye-to-doing-good-and-doing-well Rebel 2016, Responsible Business and Profit Maximisation, viewed 20 May 2017 https://www.responsiblebusiness.eu/display/rebwp2/Responsible+Business+and+Profit+MaximisationBertilsson, J 2017, The slippery relationship between brand ethic and profit, viewed 20 May 2017 https://www.ephemerajournal.org/contribution/slippery-relationship-between-brand-ethic-and-profit Donius, B 2010, Profit Maximization - Ethics = The Goldman Standard, viewed 20 May 2017, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/bill-donius/profit-maximization---eth_b_553605.html

Breakfast Cereals in Uk 07 Essay Example

Breakfast Cereals in Uk 07 Essay Breakfast Cereals in United Kingdom 2007 Introduction: Aim: The aim of this report is to discuss whether The change of macroeconomic situation is an opportunity or threat for United Kingdom’s breakfast cereal industry. Compare the external microenvironment that affects firms in which breakfast cereal industry operates with the help of PEST analysis. To evaluate the operational strategy that affects the level of competitive environment in an industry using Porter’s five force model. Why I chose this industry: Cereals are a great start to the day. â€Å"Breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dine like a pauper. By Adelle Davis Like most proverb says, this one hold more than a gram of truth. Breakfast cereals are certainly the most important meal of the day. It is a time when we ‘Break the Fast’ of the night, which can be anything up to 10 or 12 hours. The nutritional benefits of breakfast, facts suggest that this important meal provide a number of ot her benefits to give us the best start of the day. Breakfast cereals industry is diverse and has come up with new exciting flavors. There is an increase in the market with consumption of oats, muesli and high- fiber cereals, since 2002. Without doubt, health is the key factor that drives the expansion of the industry and consumption. This is one of the most growing industries despite the market is saturated and that cereals have been facing increasingly fierce pressure from alternatives, such as cereals bars and croissants. The breakfast cereal in United Kingdom has also grown in value terms increasing by an estimated 9. 5% between 2002 and 2006, to ? 1. 23bn at retail selling prices (RSP) reflecting the growth in volume and the shift towards premium – price products. There has been offset to some extent by aggressive price discounting by the major multiples. Some cereals have also come under fierce attack for their allegedly high sugar, fats and salt contents. In addition, they have placed more emphasis on their brands health credentials, and new product development (NPD) has followed this trend. The market appears to be very strong, and has healthy image, are convenient to use and are already a well-established item in most peoples kitchens. However, they should continue to be beneficiaries of the two major trends influencing food and drinks markets, not just in the UK but around the world — namely demand for healthy and convenient products. We will write a custom essay sample on Breakfast Cereals in Uk 07 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Breakfast Cereals in Uk 07 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Breakfast Cereals in Uk 07 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Boundaries: As the topic of this easy is analyzing the breakfast cereals industry in United Kingdom, emphasis is on the source related to United Kingdom’s environment during the process of collecting materials. The data statistics reports given was collected were one or two years before. There was no much reports available for reference. Moreover, the materials collected in this research are secondary data. To analyse the market efficiently primary report has to be used. Industry Sector: Sector introduction: The cereal market has managed a strong level of growth in the market volume and values in United Kingdom since 2000. The breakfast cereals market has grown over ? 1,090 million (2002) to ? 1,280 million (2007) with over 95% of house stock breakfast cereals [23,24]. There is a strong growth of 17% in the size of household penetration over last five years [23]. The volume of consumption of the cereals has been 432,000 tonnes in 2007 with a growth of just 7% over this period [23,1,2,3,4]. Over 87% of the household consume breakfast cereals twice every weekday. There are reports, which say that United Kingdom is the second highest global consumer of Breakfast cereals, [24]. This has occurred due to strong permiumisation in the market, as there is higher value of products launched. There is always demand for products that delivery high taste and quality with health as superior, [23]. The revolution towards healthy eating has been used by the breakfast cereal manufacturers, who make use of their intrinsic healthiness of their products and there by widening the scientific evidence to support the eating of breakfast cereal. The manufacturers are stressing about their health credentials on packs (like fiber, calories, vitamins, minerals, wholegrain and super food), so that the message reaches the increasing target audiences. However, the hot cereals accounts for only 12% of the market had seen strong until 2006 driven by the growing consumers’ interest in oats, [23]. Therefore, the hot cereals have launches a number of oats based cold cereals, which include oatibix, oatsmore, and cheerios oats, which now have taken over the hot cereals market. There is an ongoing development in the eating on the go and snacking market has played an important part in the growth of the industries. PEST Analysis: The PEST analysis is an analysis of the external microenvironment that affects all firms in which a business operates. The PEST is an ellipsis for the Political, Economic, Social, and technological factors of the external macro environment. These factors usually are beyond the control of firm’s but sometime become threat for the firm itself. This analysis is important when developing a product, business or strategy planning. POLITICAL: This arena will have huge influence depending on the regulation of business and the spending power of consumers and other business. Many political factors affect this industry as it deals with the foods. There are many basic regulations for the food industries but here there are only few important laws and regulations that have been discussed. ACFM Statement on salt: Members of the Association of Cereal Food Manufacturers* (ACFM) have announced a significant 38% reduction in salt which contain an average of 0. 36g of sodium per 100g, which equates to less than 5% of the average adult daily intake. Now, the Breakfast Cereals manufactures are leading the way in product reformulation such as salt reduction and clear nutritional labeling through Guideline Daily Amounts (GDAs). [24 ] ACFM Statement on sugars: The European Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 stated that product which says as Low Sugar must contain 5g/100g total sugars. Green colour coding for breakfast cereals should be criterion. The regulation also requires the statement â€Å"contains naturally occurring sugars† if the product have natural sugar and if the manufacturer claims no added sugar. These information should be provided in the core of the signpost with the colour coding, which was recommended for each. However, it suggested that cereals that have no added sugar, like fruit muesli, could be excluded from the recommended signposting categories. [24, 26]. The colour code for sugars, Green if total sugars are less than or equal to 5g/100g. The colour Amber if total sugar exceeds 5g/100g and added sugars are less than 12. 5g/100g. The Red colour denoted if added sugars are more than 12. 5g/100g. Fortification Breakfast Cereals: New regulation on food fortification 1925/2006/EC in 2007 for foods, which should be voluntary fortification (breakfast cereals) not for foods that are subjected to mandatory fortification. The recommendation is based on the nutritionists, who says that the breakfast should be provide 20 -25% of daily requirements. The fortified breakfast cereals are more likely to meet their daily requirements of essential vitamins and minerals. For instance, there should be around 20% of total iron, 15% of folic acid, 14% of vitamin B1, 13% of vitamin B6, 15% of riboflavin and 10% of niacin. 24, 27]. ACFM position on Food Labelling – Guideline Daily Amounts (GDA): The Association of Cereal Food Manufacturers have supports the government objectives along with the Food Standards Agency, to provide clear information on the nutritional labeling by implementing the use of Guideline Daily Amounts (GDA’s). Thereby giving the consumer clear informationâ€℠¢s on the nutritional contents in their foods so that they know what they eat, [24,12]. ECONOMIC: The success of breakfast cereals is due to penetration and frequency of usage is high, with more than half of consumer eat cereals at least once each day, [9,10]. As they are well-established market with big brands and huge marketing budgets. The market is a matured due to the popularity that keeps the cereals market sales persistently high. The breakfast cereals are facing increasing pressure from alternatives, such as cereal bars and croissants, [16]. The increasing usage has been the focus of growing market (Kellogg’s challenge, weetabix- more than cereal consumption). They have placed more emphasis on their brands health credentials, and new product development (NPD) has followed this trend. The market is very stable in terms of brand shares and suppliers. There is growing demand for the cereals globally, have increased the price of breakfast cereals and farmers are turning the land over to the production of bio-fuel. The increase in raw materials prices is due to erratic change in the weather and crop damage is becoming common with poor harvest. This have pushed the retail selling price (RSP) of cereals in United States, there by rising the price of breakfast cereals at the point of sales in United Kingdom, [23,17]. The manufacturer has to focus on the production values (such as provenance, organic and even fair trade) to shape the future direction of the market. The survey done by BMRB (British Market Research Bureau) International Ltds Target Group Index (TGI) that cold breakfast cereals remain a family favorites. In 2006, around 86% of adults had eaten cold breakfast cereals over the past 12 months, which is an extremely high rate of household penetration. Hot cereals recorded a much lower level of household penetration than cold cereals, but, at 49. 4% of adults, but the penetration rate was still impressive, [28]. Socio cultural: The breakfast cereals was initial targeted for school going children, aged 11 – 18 years, as they tend to skip their breakfast. This breakfast cereal was successful as they can meet their 20% daily nutrition requirement from their breakfast. Then when the market became saturated, they targeted the ageing population as they have time to have breakfast. They normally do not skip their meal to keep their weight down. These group are health concerning, and these consumer are more keen towards wholesome, unadulterated food with no artificial ingredients rather than light or diet version. As this market is moving towards saturation, the manufacturers are now focusing on the whole family, to get more members of the family eating together. The premiumisation to continue with future consumer’s trends, where health drives both sales and new product development, as there is a growth in sale in the saturated market by increasing spends per head, [5,6,7,11]. The concern on health has put pressure on the manufacturers to reduce salts, sugar, fats and other additives from the cereals. There are several high profile TV programs like Dispatches: The Truth about Your Food and the Consumer Group which? ave identified that breakfast cereals was high in sugar and fats. However, the breakfast cereals manufacturers have acted proactively than other food industries to reformulating their existing product brand and lowering their hidden sugars, fats and salts contents. The manufacturers are now launching new naturally healthier products with sophisticated recipes and health claim s such as high fibers, whole grains, adding dries fruits, supper foods (Jordan’s and Dorset’s Cereals), pre- and probiotic functional ingredients, and organic foods. Many ethical issues concern with the breakfast cereals have arisen concerns over the products. These breakfast fast cereals contain high level of sugars, salts and fats than the recommended level. About three-quarters of cereals had high level of sugar, a fifth had high level of salt and more than 7% of cereals had high level of saturated fat. The breakfast cereals that target the children contain 88% of sugar coated, 13% of salt and 10% of fats. Now the manufacturer is reformulating their product due to increase media criticism by reducing their sugar and salt contains. FSA nutrient profiling and Ofcom Advertising Ban: The FSA launched a nutrient profiling model in April 2007, which was designed to tighten the rules on television advertising to children of foods high in fats, saturated fats, salt and sugar. this Ban on the advertising provoked uproar in the food industry as it was established as this would affect around 80% of cereals, so this banned was softened with some parameters and changing the guidelines for sugars, treating natural sugars and processed sugars. Thus, they changed their target to focus overall family, [23]. Increasing frequency of usage: There is an increase frequency of usage of cold breakfast cereals, which is at 87%, but there are still 13% consumers, who do not prefer having breakfast cereals, [23]. There is still an opportunity to convert the non-user into market and existing consumer to premium options, sourcing provenance-assured, organic and fair trade ingredients, and making favorites healthier will encourage the consumer to trade up. However, communicating these information and benefits to the target consumer will be vital. The other way of improving the frequency of usage will be to increase the occasion through handy/expediency solutions,[9,10]. The overall strategy of the manufacturers is increase the frequency of usage and there by increasing the amount spend on cereals eventually increasing their market value. Attitude and behaviour: There is a strong growth experienced by the hot cereal sector with a growth of 30% at the current price during last forecast period. It is also predicted that there would be a high volume growth in hot cereal sector by 10% when compared to Ready to eat (RTE) cereals, which would be only 2%. Currently there is an increase in the consumption of hot cereal sector, and with 50%, penetration there is still a good potentional for the future growth, [23]. The hot cereals experience both dip in the volume and value of sales in 2007, this is due to strong competition with oats cereals in the Ready to eat sector and the supermarkets bringing out there new cereals with low Retail selling price (RSP). However, in the market â€Å"well know brand† is top factor looked, when shopping for cereals is concerned which is unlikely to be effected. There is a slower growth within the RTE sectors, with 19% steady growth predicted at the current price for last forecast period, [23,5]. Technological Factors: There is tough competition within the industry, so the manufactures need to formulate new products to attract their target consumer and to increase there market share before they decline. The breakfast cereals industry have tried to come out with artificial sweeteners like isomalt. The isomalt, which is an artificial sweetener that would replace sugars in a 1:1 ratio in breakfast cereals. The isomalt is unique in its nutritional and hysiological benefits that make it ideal for use in sugar free, tooth friendly, low-calories and low glycemic products. The isomalt is the only sugar replaces made from the sugar beet that taste as naturally sweet as sugar, [29,30]. Evaluation of Competitive Nature of the Breakfast Cereal Industry: In the above there was an overview on the breakfast cereal industry, now in this there are three majo r competitor that are going to be compared. Even though the market is highly consolidated, with Kellogg, Weetabix and Cereal Partners which markets the Nestle brand in the UK. While, the Weetabix remains the top-selling ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal, followed by Kelloggs Corn Flakes, Crunchy Nut Corn Flakes and Special K, with Nestle’s Shreddies taking fifth spots. There is an introduction about the major competitors: Weetabix: The weetabix food company established since 1932, they also create delicious breakfast cereals using finest ingredients. Since then they have produce many popular cereal brands, which include weetabix, weetaflakes, weetabix minis, weetos, Alpen and Ready Brek, as well as being a major supplier of generic cereals under supermarket own labels, [20]. They are officially the UK’S favorite breakfast, who accounts about 8% of the country’s total cereal sales with annual sales worth over ? 89 million. They also export over 80 countries worldwide, from Middle East and South America to Europe and South East Asia. They also sponsor for Weetabix Women’s British Open Golf Tournament in 2007, [23, 20, 33]. Kellogg’s: William Keith Kellogg established the company in 1906. in 1950s, Kellogg’s introduced anew range of products to cater for differing taste of family, but without compromising its principle of health, balance and nutrition. Reformulating is a key part of Kellogg’s health strategy. They have set up new system to ensure that their products are healthy, which is called Kellogg’s Global Nutrient Criteria. The product states that no cereals will have more than 200 calories, 2 grams of saturated fat, 230g of sodium and 12 grams of sugar per serving. They are also eliminating all tran’s fats. They claim that reformulations should be noticeable and will take place across their range in2007 and 2008. They have also introduced global limits on their use of licensed characters on packs, in advertising and in food forms, in June 2007. They changed coco pops advertising to focus more on the product and removed the frosties websites, with users now redirected to a non-branded educational websites called Heaadstarters, [23,31]. Cereal Partners markets the Nestle brand: Cereal partners UK are part of cereal partners worldwide, a joint venture between nestle and general mills. They sell a number of popular cereals brands under nestle brand, which includes shredded wheat, shreddies, cheerios and fitnesse. All their products are made from whole grains and easy to identify, wholegrain green band on all their packing. They introduced a new range called Oats More in April, which was used to supported by the â€Å"studies show you’ll like it† advertising campaign, [23,32]. Porters 5 Forces Analysis: The porters five forcer helps to analysis the force, which affects the level of competitive environment in an industry. This is a simple tool but powerful to understand where the power lies in business situation. This tool tends to focus on the single, stand alone, business or SBU (Strategic Business Unit) rather than a single product or range of products. The analysis looks at five competitive forces jointly the intensity of the industries competition and profitability, they are the threat of entry, the power of buyers, the power of suppliers, the threat of substitutes and competitive rivalry, which reflects the fact that competition in an industry goes beyond the established players. Competitive Rivalry: The competitive rivalry will be those in which entry is likely substitute threaten and buyers or suppliers exercise control over the organizations. The competitive rivalry has increased as the supermarket has also introduced their branded breakfast cereals along with the top brand like Kellogg’s, weetabix and cereal partners (Nestle). Even then, the consumer prefers getting top branded cereals, where they are more health concisions. Understanding their consumer’s needs, Kellogg’s reformulates their products to reduce the salt, sugar and fats, there by making them healthier for consumption, [22]. They also invent new product developments under same brand name, thereby increasing their product range for the consumers needs. Weetabix on other hand have wide range of cold oats based cereals and Cereal partner’s (Nestle) have wide range of cereals, which would be sufficient to serve a huge markets,[21,19]. Buying Power: Buying power is wide-ranged. The cost of switching from one breakfast cereal to another is very low, as it depend on the consumer whether they are satisfied with the breakfast cereals that they consume. Kellogg’s, weetabix and cereal partner (nestle) have control over their buyers as they cater to different needs of the consumers and have direct contacts with their buyers,[15]. However, it is easy for the buyers to drive down the price of the breakfast cereals by just moving from brand to another to satisfy their health needs. Power of Supplier: The power of suppliers was dependent on the suppliers. The suppliers are the farmers in this case; there is a huge rise in the price of the cereals that is grown. Due to erratic weather change, damage crops and lands turning into bio fuel production area. These factors have affected the cost of the breakfast cereals, which come into market to consumption. Kellogg’s, weetabix and cereal partners (Nestle) have no control over their suppliers, as they dictate the price range of the cereals that is cultivated. Many small suppliers that are involved, thus there would be no huge control over the manufacturers. The government plays an important role in the raw materials selected to make breakfast cereals as they consumed more by the target consumers. Threat of substitutes: This is affected by the ability of the consumers to find different substitute for the particular product. The threat of substitute is quite high in the reakfast cereal industries as they have reached the matured stage of the market but there is always demand for the products. The cereal bars and croissants industries would replace the breakfast cereals in future, as they have started to capture the consumers’ attentions, [16]. Thus, Kellogg’s and Cereal Partner (Nestle) have introduced cereal bars as their product line so they do not loose their market to the substitutes. These product lines will also help the product to be well recognized by the consumer among other competitors. The Threat of Entry: The threat of entry deals with the powers, which is affected by the ability of new competitor to enter your market. The threat of entry is very low, as it would take a long time and huge find to establish themselves among the consumers. As the three major competitors that are considered in this analysis are Kellogg’s, weetabix and cereal partners (Nestle’s). The Kellogg’s keeps developing range of products, which account to ? 1. 1 billion; cereal partner owns ? 1. 1 billion and weetabix with ? 89 million cereals market, [34, 35, 33]. Therefore, for any new small venture company it is difficult to for them to get established into giant firms. Mintel forecasts that there would be a continuous growth for total breakfast cereal market, 20% at current price from 2007 – 2012, resulting in an estimated worth of ? 1. 5 billion. Avoiding the effects of inflation on food real growth is shown to be slightly lower to 10%. Value growth is set to continue but at a much lower rate than value, [13,14]. CONCLUSION: The breakfast cereals have a huge demand in the market as it caters to the taste of the consumer (health). The trend towards the healthy eating continues, consumers are increasingly looking forward for a â€Å"healthier start† to the day. This has resulted in strong growth at the luxury premium end of the market, as consumer trade up cereals contain wholegrain, dried fruits, super food and functional ingredients. There is only around 13% of the market, which do not consume cereals, to target these group there should be new product introduced to cater their needs. Even though the market of breakfast cereals is saturated there is always been a growing demand. The success of frequency promoting campaign have pushed volume growth over the last two years, as consumer start to eat cereal more than once a day and occasional buyer start to eat cereal each day, [18]. The branded products continue to dominate the cereal markets as the consumer trust brands and often finds the quality and taste of own label product inferior to that of branded. In a established market with high penetration and frequency of consumption, brand loyalty is high as the manufacturer allocates a significant amount of marketing spend in developing a long term relationship between the consumer base and their cereal brands. Ready to eat cereals have biggest brands and the largest amount of shelf space given over to them. Evaluation of tools / Limitation: The evaluation of tools / limitation in the pest analysis and porters five forces gives an idea, which is better than the other is to be discussed below: Pest Analysis: This deals with the whole industry as such and it may be difficult to forecast on the future trends about the industries. This analysis gives overall information on the industry that can help in understanding the macro environment of the industry. They deal with all the manufacturer of that particular industry and gives wider knowledge of them. They are potential risk in the market, conducted and regular basis. Porter’s five forces: in this care should be taken that the models is not underestimated or underemphasize the importance of the strength of the organization (inside out strategy). The model helps to analysis individual business strategies, as it does not cope with interdependencies within the range of large companies. From the theoretical perspective, the model does not address the possibilities that an industry could be attractive due to certain companies are in it. The environments, which are characterized by rapid, systemic and radical change, require more flexible, dynamic or evolving approach to formulate the strategy. The strength of this analysis is that its as strong tool for competitive analysis at industry level and provides useful inputs for performing Swot analysis. APPENDICES Appendix 1: UK retail sales of breakfast cereals, 2002-07 000 tonnesIndex? mIndex? m at 2002 pricesIndexâ‚ ¬mIndex 20024041001,0901001,0901001,734100 20034091011,1171021,1031011,61593 20044151031,1431051,1221031,68597 20054191041,1691071,1341041,71099 20064241051,2161121,1551061,784103 2007 (est. )4321071,2801171,1951101,895109 Source: Mintel Appendix 2: UK retail volume and value sales of breakfast cereal, by type, 03-07 200320052007 (est)% change% change m%? m%? m%2003-052005-07 RTE cereal1,049941,084931,195933. 310. 2 Hot cereal686857857250. 0 Total1,1171001,1691001,2801004. 79. 5 000 tonnes %000 tonnes%000 tonnes% change 03- 05% change 05- 07 RTE cereal3668936988380880. 83. 0 Hot cereal43114912511214. 04. 1 Total4091004191004311002. 42. 9 Data have been revised since the last report . Source: Mintel Appendix 3: UK retail volume and value sales of RTE cereal, 2002-07 000 tonnesIndex? mIndex? m at 2002 pricesIndexâ‚ ¬mIndex 20023651001,0241001,0241001,629100 20033661001,0491021,0361011,51693 20043681011,0701041,0501031,57797 20053691011,0841061,0511031,58697 0063721021,1291101,0721051,656102 2007 (est)3801041,1951171,1161091,769109 Source: mintel Appendix 4: UK retail sales of breakfast cereals, 2002-12 Current pricesAt 2007 prices 000 tonnesIndex? mIndex? mIndex 2002404941,090851,16791 2003409951,117871,18192 2004415961,143891,20194 2005418971,169911,21495 2006424981,216951,23797 2007 (est)4311001,2801001,280100 20084301001,3221031,300102 20094351011,3851081,336104 20104371011,4301121,364107 20114401021,4821161,389109 20124421031,5361201,414110 % change 2002-0771710 % change 2007-1232010 Source: mintel Appendix 5: UK population changes, by age and socio-economic status,02-12 Source: National Statistics/GAD/Mintel Appendix 6: Agreement with selected lifestyle statements, 2003-07 Base: adults aged 15+ 2003200520072005-07 %%%% point change Agree: I often skip meals to keep my weight down15. 114. 014. 6-0. 5 Taken from the TGI survey of around 25,000 adults Source: GB TGI, BMRB Q4 2003-07/Mintel Agreement with selected lifestyle statements, 2003-07 Base: adults aged 15+ 2003200520072003-07 %%%% point change Any agree: I am prepared to pay more for foods that dont contain artificial additives34. 843. 545. 8+11 I consider my diet to be very healthy38. 641. 544. 1+5. Appendix 7: Agreement with selected lifestyle statements on food, 7-10s, 03-07 Base: youths aged 7-10 200320052007 %%% Agree: Breakfast is the most important meal of the day56. 756. 863. 5 Taken from the youth TGI survey of around 6,000 youths aged 7-19 Source: Youth TGI, BMRB Autumn 2003-07/Mintel Agreement with selected lifestyle statements on food, 11-14s, 2003-07 Base: youths aged 11-14 2003200 52007 %%% Agree: Breakfast is the most important meal of the day57. 357. 665. 7 Taken from the youth TGI survey of around 6,000 youths aged 7-19 Source: Youth TGI, BMRB Autumn 2003-07/Mintel Appendix 8: Demographic change: UK retail volume and value sales of RTE cereal, 2002-12 Current pricesAt 2007 prices 000 tonnesIndex? mIndex? mIndex 2002365961,024861,09792 2003366961,049881,10993 2004368971,070901,12494 2005369971,084911,12694 2006372981,129941,14896 2007 (est)3801001,1951001,195100 20083791001,2301031,210101 20093831011,2891081,243104 20103831011,3291111,268106 20113851011,3761151,290108 20123861021,4251191,312110 % change 2002-074179 % change 2007-1221910 Source: mintel UK retail volume and value sales of hot cereal, 2002-12 Current pricesAt 2007 prices 000 tonnesIndex? mIndex? Index 2002397666787183 2003438468807285 2004479273867790 200549968510088104 2006521028710288104 2007 (est)511008510085100 200851999110790106 2009521029611393109 20105310510111996113 20115510710612499116 201256110111130102120 % change 2002-07312920 % change 2007-12103020 Source: Mintel Appendix 9: Number of times consumers eat breakfast per week, January 2007 Base: 2,159 adults aged 18+ who eat breakfast Source: Putting Breakfast First Survey Breakfast Cereal Information Service. January 2007 Appendix 10: Product eaten at breakfast and frequency, December 2006 Base: 2,159 consumers who eat breakfast FruitBrown bread/toastWhite bread/toastCroissant/ other pastriesYogurtBowl of cereal Every day12771420 5 to 6 times444-213 3 to 4 times a week99101414 Once or twice a week (usually weekends)711125310 Once or twice a week (usually midweek)911113512 Once a fortnight778556 Once a month666955 Less often15191725159 Never302425495512 Don’t know111231 Source: Putting Breakfast First Survey Breakfast Cereal Information Service. January 2007 Appendix 11: Consumption of cold breakfast cereals in the last 12 months, 2003-07 2003200520072005-07 %%%% point change All users8786. 287. 2+1. 0 Heavy users6. 97. 36. 8-0. 5 Medium users38. 538. 439. 3+0. 9 Light users40. 439. 440+0. 6 Non-users1313. 812. 8-0. 2 Base: adults aged 15+ Heavy users – more than once a day; Medium users – once a day Light users – 2/3 times a week or less Taken from the TGI survey of around 25,000 adults Source: GB TGI, BMRB Autumn 2003, Q4 2005 2007/Mintel Consumption of hot breakfast cereals in the last 12 months, 2003-07 2003200520072005-07 %%%% point change All users42. 645. 750. 34. 6 Heavy users5. 66. 88. 41. 6 Medium users7. 28. 310. 82. 5 Light users27. 328. 329. 51. 2 Non-users57. 454. 49. 7-4. 6 Base: adults aged 15+ Heavy users – once a day or more; Medium users – 2/3 times a week Light users – once a week or less Taken from the TGI survey of around 25,000 adults Source: GB TGI, BMRB Autumn 2003, Q4 2005 2007/Mintel Appendix 12: Signpost: Appendix 13: Value share of sub-sections of the RTE breakfast cereal market, 2007 Cereal? m%Brand examplesG rowing or declining Kids501. 942Coco Pops, Rice Crispies, Sugar Puffs, Mega Munchers, Fruit LoopsGrowing Naturally good346. 629Jordan’s, Dorset, Alpen, Special KGrowing Favorites239. 020Cornflakes, Crunchy NutGrowing Reduced fat/calorie/sugar95. 68Health Living, Reduced Sugar, Reduced SaltDeclining Organic free from12. 01Jordan’s Organic, Doves FarmGrowing * For sector definitions please see appendix Source: Mintel Appendix 14: Seasonal changes: Source: Nielsen Media Research/Mintel Appendix 15: UK retail distribution of breakfast cereal, 2003-07 200320052007 (est)% change% change ?m%? m%? m%2003-052005-07 Grocery multiples1,039931,094941,203945. 310. 0 Convenience404393383-2. 5-1. 5 Independent/others*383363383-5. 36. 7 Total1,1171001,1691001,2801004. 79. 5 * includes health food discount stores Source: Mintel Appendix 16: Opportunities and threats in the competing markets, 2002-06 Market size (2006) % change 02-06Major inhibitorsMajor driversStrategies for growth Fresh fruit ?3,796m +20. 2% Highly competitive market Loss leading itemsThe 5 a day message – This government sponsored guideline is heavily promoted and actively taught in schools. The obesity epidemic a greater focus on health which is leading to increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. Increasign wealth and familiarity with fruits means that consumers are more open to trying new options. Conveniently packaged products that can fetch a higher price. Organic fruit Fair-trade products (particularly bananas) Expansion into premium and rare/exotic varieties The introduction of locally sourced options Superfoods and eating for health Yogurt ?1,397m +28. 6%Pressure on prices Mixed messages and confusing health claimThe rise of healthy indulgence Popularity of functional products Rising levels of obesity Demand for natural products Consumers self diagnosing minor digestive health complaintsOrganic products at competitive prices More premium cream based products perfect for indulgence. Free from range expanding, products catering for different health needs. Child targeted products that please both parent and child. Bread ?2115m +10. 3Rising raw material prices Growing fear of the white bread Awareness of complex carbs Home Baking resurgence Decline in heavy usageHealth eating trends more opportunities for high value breads Rise of the foodie The health movement particularly the turn away from white breadHigh value artesian style breads. Super food breads with toppings including nuts and seeds Smaller more convenient loafs White breads with the goodness of brown Cereal bars ?270 56%The number of consumers prepared to purchase Relative price to breakfast cereals Healthy eating trends Time poor cash rich consumer The resurgence of breakfast from a health perspective The trend towards healthy yet natural products. Large number of market players, who are prepared to innovate Good healthy snack alternativeNatural and free from options Indulgent options that can be eaten as a necessity and a treat. Mixed selection packs. Super food and functional food versions. Source: mintel Appendix 17: Price per Kilo of RTE Brands from Selected Supermarkets, January 2008 Source: Storechecks/Mintel Price per Kilo of Hot-Cereal Brands from Selected Supermarkets, January 2008 Source: Storechecks/Mintel Appendix 18: Main monitored media spend, by advertiser, 2003-07 ?m20032004200520062007* ?m? m? m? m? m Kelloggs34. 343. 849. 252. 554. 6 Nestle18. 720. 619. 821. 224. 5 Weetabix8. 04. 19. 311. 910. 9 Jordans0. 50. 71. 11. 81. 7 Quakers1. 71. 70. 11. 70. 4 * Jan-November 2007 Source: Nielsen Media Research/Mintel Appendix 19: Map of manufacturers and brands in the breakfast cereals market, 2008 Kellogg’sCrunchy OatbakesCountry Store All-BranHoney Loops Bran FlakesJust Right Coco PopsLuxury Muesli CornflakesRicicles Crunchy NutStart FrostiesRice Crispies Fruit ‘n FibreSpecial K OptivitaWheats Cereal Partners UK (Nestle)CheeriosFitnesse Oat CheeriosAlmond Oats Shredded WheatNesquik ClustersOats More Golden NuggetsForce Flakes Cinnamon Cookie Crisp Shreddies WeetabixWeetabixOatibix WeetaflakesWeetos Alpen CerealsStars Crunchy BranOatiflakes Ready Brek Source: Mintel Appendix 20: The Weetabix Food Company Timeline 1932 Weetabix founded by two South Africans who introduced the Weetabix breakfast products to the UK 1936 Weetabix Limited was incorporated by, among others, the George family 1967 Weetabix entered the Canadian market 968 Weetabix entered the US market 1971 Alpen Muesli launched 1991 Ready Brek, acquired from Lyons Tetley 2002 Alpen bars launched 2004 Seriously Oaty launched 2005 Weetaflakes launched 2006 Alpen Light bars launched 2006 Oatibix launched 2007 Oatiflakes launched 2007 Alpen Luxury range launched 2007 Alpen Groove bars launched Source: weetabix Ltd. 2008. Appendix 21: The top-selling breakfast cereals in the UK, by estimated brand shares, 2006-07. Source: Mintel 200620072006-07 ?m%? m%% change Weetabix95. 48102. 587. 4 Special K90. 5799. 489. 8 Corn Flakes66. 565. 65-0. 6 Crunchy Nut Cornflakes57. 4564. 6512. 5 Coco Pops39. 9343. 037. 8 Rice Krispies35. 0343. 0322. 9 Shreddies34. 0333. 83-0. 6 Oatso Simple28. 2232. 8316. 3 Cheerios28. 2231. 029. 9 Frosties27. 3229. 728. 8 Shredded Wheat27. 0226. 62-1. 5 All Bran Bran Flakes 27. 3225. 62-6. 2 Fruit and Fibre22. 4220. 52-8. 5 Sugar Puffs20. 4219. 52-4. 4 Kelloggs Variety16. 6118. 4110. 8 Weetabix Minis17. 5116. 01-8. 6 Shreaded Wheat Bitesize14. 6116. 4112. 3 Country Crisp14. 0113. 01-7. 1 Alpen13. 6113. 31-2. 2 Crunchy Nut Clusters11. 7113. 3113. 7 Own Label237. 620243. 0202. 3 Others292. 24310. 0246. 2 Total1,2161001,2801005. 3 Appendix 22: Key developments in the Kellogg’s portfolio, 2007 BrandNew product developmentDriver/Motivation Special KSpecial K Bliss, Special K Susta in, Special K Oats Honey Drop a Jean Size ChallengeMore variation of health options to keep the consumer engaged in the brand A promotion designed to increase frequency of purchase. Special K range Mini BreaksGuilt-free snack designed as a healthy alternative to crisps Coco PopsMega Munchers, Crunchy Curls, Creations, Moons and StarsEngage children in Coco Pops despite limited advertising. CornflakesHint of Honey, Cornflakes MultigrainA more demanding health conscious audience Fruit and FibreRelaunchedA more demanding health conscious audience Source: Mintel Reference: Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 7 Appendix 8 Appendix 9 Appendix 10 Appendix 11 Appendix 12 Appendix 13 Appendix 14 Appendix 15 Appendix 16 Appendix 17 Appendix 18 Appendix 19 Appendix 20 Appendix 21 Appendix 22 Breakfast cereals in UK, Mintel Report (2008) http://academic. mintel. com/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show/display/id=227674/list/id=227674=NSItem=News=1/displ y/id=233120=233120 [accessed on 1/03/2008] 24. 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